ArticleSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2013
Toll-like receptor activity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Article in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure on TNF-α in obstructive sleep apnea patients: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Sarcoidosis and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: An Intriguing Relationship.The open respiratory medicine journal · 2026Review
- A crosstalk between the immune system and obstructive sleep apnea.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of S100A8/A9 in neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment: From molecular target to clinical application (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Association of healthy sleep patterns with incident sepsis: a large population-based prospective cohort study.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Advances in immunology of obstructive sleep apnea: mechanistic insights, clinical impact, and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-8, and Interferon-γ with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Both Children and Adults: A Meta-Analysis of 102 Articles.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Associated Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Immune Responses in Males, Pregnancies, and Offspring.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Possible genetic cross-talk between Down syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea revealed by transcriptomic analysis.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2023Article
- Oxidative Stress in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Putative Pathways to Hearing System Impairment.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Molecular Pathology, Oxidative Stress, and Biomarkers in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Potential Pathophysiological Pathways in the Complex Relationships between OSA and Cancer.Cancers · 2023Review
- Summary of drug therapy to treat cognitive impairment-induced obstructive sleep apnea.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Advances in Molecular Pathology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Role of Inflammation in Cognitive Impairment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Exploration of the Mechanism of Lianhua Qingwen in Treating Influenza Virus Pneumonia and New Coronavirus Pneumonia with the Concept of "Different Diseases with the Same Treatment" Based on Network Pharmacology.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Intermittent Hypoxia and Atherosclerosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to the Therapeutic Treatment.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Review
- TLRs and RAGE are elevated in carotid plaques from patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2020Article
- TLR2 antagonism attenuates the hippocampal neuronal damage in a murine model of sleep apnea via inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2020Article
- Astragaloside IV ameliorates intermittent hypoxia-induced inflammatory dysfunction by suppressing MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathways in Beas-2B cells.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to chronic inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. Considerable evidence suggests that innate immune defense mechanisms might interact with proinflammatory pathways and contribute to atherogenesis. We hypothesized that the classical pathogen recognition receptors of the innate immune response, Toll-like receptors, are involved in modulating the inflammatory response in OSA.
methodsExpression of TLR2 and TLR4 on circulating monocytes from 29 subjects with documented OSA and 18 controls were compared with the use of flow cytometry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction at baseline and after 8 weeks of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
resultsThere was a significant increase in both TLR2 and TLR4 surface expression and mRNA levels on monocytes after adjustment for age, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio. This was paralleled by enhanced nuclear factor-κB nuclear binding and an increased release of IL-6, INF-γ, and TNF-α in OSA versus control subjects. Following 8 weeks of treatment, continuous positive airway pressure downregulated TLR2 and TLR4 expression and abrogated the release of inflammatory cytokines.
conclusionOSA is associated with enhanced expression and signaling events downstream of TLR2 and TLR4 in circulating monocytes. These observations are mitigated by CPAP therapy, which suggest that TLR2 and TLR4 activation may be involved as a signaling mechanism in immune-mediated progression of atherosclerosis in OSA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.