ReviewCurrent topics in microbiology and immunology2013
Progress in cell based assays for botulinum neurotoxin detection.
Review in Current topics in microbiology and immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- The mouse diaphragm assay in botulinum toxin therapy.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Botulinum neurotoxin: Tracking the transition from lethal dose toNAM journal · 2025Article
- Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2023Review
- Replacement of the Mouse LDToxins · 2023Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxin A4 Has a 1000-Fold Reduced Potency Due to Three Single Amino Acid Alterations in the Protein Receptor Binding Domain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Split luciferase-based assay to detect botulinum neurotoxins using hiPSC-derived motor neurons.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Recent Developments in Botulinum Neurotoxins Detection.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Detection of VAMP Proteolysis by Tetanus and Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B In Vivo with a Cleavage-Specific Antibody.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Anthrax toxins regulate pain signaling and can deliver molecular cargoes into ANTXR2Nature neuroscience · 2022Article
- Optogenetically controlled human functional motor endplate for testing botulinum neurotoxins.Stem cell research & therapy · 2021Article
- Emerging Opportunities in Human Pluripotent Stem-Cells Based Assays to Explore the Diversity of Botulinum Neurotoxins as Future Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Alternative Methods for Testing Botulinum Toxin: Current Status and Future Perspectives.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2020Review
- Article
- hiPSC-Derived Neurons Provide a Robust and Physiologically RelevantFrontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Critical Analysis of Neuronal Cell and the Mouse Bioassay for Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins.Toxins · 2019Review
- Botulinum neurotoxins A, B, C, E, and F preferentially enter cultured human motor neurons compared to other cultured human neuronal populations.FEBS letters · 2019Article
- Functional detection of botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A to F by monoclonal neoepitope-specific antibodies and suspension array technology.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Content/Potency Assessment of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type-A by Validated Liquid Chromatography Methods and Bioassays.Toxins · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent human toxins known and the causative agent of botulism, and are widely used as valuable pharmaceuticals. The BoNTs are modular proteins consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain linked by a disulfide bond. Intoxication of neuronal cells by BoNTs is a multi-step process including specific cell binding, endocytosis, conformational change in the endosome, translocation of the enzymatic light chain into the cells cytosol, and SNARE target cleavage. The quantitative and reliable potency determination of fully functional BoNTs produced as active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) requires an assay that considers all steps in the intoxication pathway. The in vivo mouse bioassay has for years been the 'gold standard' assay used for this purpose, but it requires the use of large numbers of mice and thus causes associated costs and ethical concerns. Cell-based assays are currently the only in vitro alternative that detect fully functional BoNTs in a single assay and have been utilized for years for research purposes. Within the last 5 years, several cell-based BoNT detection assays have been developed that are able to quantitatively determine BoNT potency with similar or greater sensitivity than the mouse bioassay. These assays now offer an alternative method for BoNT potency determination. Such quantitative and reliable BoNT potency determination is a crucial step in basic research, in the development of pharmaceutical BoNTs, and in the quantitative detection of neutralizing antibodies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.