ReviewCurrent topics in microbiology and immunology2013
Assembly and function of the botulinum neurotoxin progenitor complex.
Review in Current topics in microbiology and immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Use of Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Headache Disorders.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2021Trial
- A belt-buckle checkpoint regulates the onset of botulinum neurotoxin intoxication.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Elucidating the activation mechanism of botulinum neurotoxin a: role of α-clostripain and NTNH.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A nut-and-bolt assembly of the bimodular large progenitor botulinum neurotoxin complex.Science advances · 2025Article
- Structure of the complete 14-subunit botulinum neurotoxin B complex reveals a unique anchoring through the narrow central pore of HA70.Science advances · 2025Article
- Botulinum neurotoxins exploit host digestive proteases to boost their oral toxicity via activating OrfXs/P47.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- Botulinum Toxin: A Comprehensive Review of Its Molecular Architecture and Mechanistic Action.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Expression of Recombinant Clostridial Neurotoxin byMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Opportunistic Features of Non-Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- Embracing the Versatility of Botulinum Neurotoxins in Conventional and New Therapeutic Applications.Toxins · 2024Review
- Complexing Protein-Free Botulinum Neurotoxin A Formulations: Implications of Excipients for Immunogenicity.Toxins · 2024Review
- NTNH protein: more than a bodyguard for botulinum neurotoxins.The FEBS journal · 2024Article
- Complete genomes ofMicrobial genomics · 2024Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2023Review
- Crystal structures of OrfX1, OrfX2 and the OrfX1-OrfX3 complex from the orfX gene cluster of botulinum neurotoxin E1.FEBS letters · 2023Article
- Botulinum toxin in cancer therapy-current perspectives and limitations.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Bacterial AB toxins and host-microbe interactions.Advances in microbial physiology · 2022Review
- Membrane Vesicles Derived FromFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Clostridial Neurotoxins: Structure, Function and Implications to Other Bacterial Toxins.Microorganisms · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are among the most poisonous substances known to man, but paradoxically, BoNT-containing medicines and cosmetics have been used with great success in the clinic. Accidental BoNT poisoning mainly occurs through oral ingestion of food contaminated with Clostridium botulinum. BoNTs are naturally produced in the form of progenitor toxin complexes (PTCs), which are high molecular weight (up to ~900 kDa) multiprotein complexes composed of BoNT and several non-toxic neurotoxin-associated proteins (NAPs). NAPs protect the inherently fragile BoNTs against the hostile environment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and help BoNTs pass through the intestinal epithelial barrier before they are released into the general circulation. These events are essential for ingested BoNTs to gain access to motoneurons, where they inhibit neurotransmitter release and cause muscle paralysis. In this review, we discuss the structural basis for assembly of NAPs and BoNT into the PTC that protects BoNT and facilitate its delivery into the bloodstream.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.