Trial reportEye (London, England)2013
Botulinum toxin injections combined with or without sodium hyaluronate in the absence of electromyography for the treatment of infantile esotropia: a pilot study.
Trial report in Eye (London, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Short-term outcome of botulinum neurotoxin A injection with or without sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of infantile esotropia-a prospective interventional study.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2020Trial
- Endophthalmitis following inadvertent intravitreal injection of botulinum toxin: a case report and literature review.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Golden Indications and an Overview on the Use of Botulinum Toxin in Strabismus.Turkish journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Lantox-The Chinese Botulinum Toxin Drug-Complete English Bibliography and Comprehensive Formalised Literature Review.Toxins · 2021Review
- Comments on: Short-term outcome of botulinum neurotoxin A injection with or without sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of infantile esotropia - A prospective interventional study.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Response to comments on: Short-term outcome of botulinum neurotoxin A injection with or without sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of infantile esotropia - A prospective interventional study.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- The Efficacy of Dose Increments of Botulinum Toxin A in the Treatment of Childhood Esotropia.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Botulinum toxin injection without electromyographic guidance in consecutive esotropia.PloS one · 2020Article
- Development of a core outcome set for amblyopia, strabismus and ocular motility disorders: a review to identify outcome measures.BMC ophthalmology · 2019Review
- Evaluation of the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of infantile esotropia.Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological SocietyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and safety of a revised technique of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injections for the treatment of infantile esotropia.
methodsForty-seven patients with infantile esotropia were randomly divided into two groups. In group A, 23 cases were treated with a bilateral injection of 2.5-3.75 U BTA combined with sodium hyaluronate (SH) to the medial rectus muscle. In group B, 24 cases were treated with a bilateral injection of 2.5-3.75 U BTA solution alone to the medial rectus muscle. Electromyography was not used in the study. All patients received one injection and were evaluated 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months following injection.
resultsThe measured changes between groups A and B included the frequencies of good alignment 6 months after injections (30.4% vs 37.5%), complicated ptosis (2.2% vs 20.8%), and vertical deviation (2.2% vs 2.1%).
conclusionBTA injections combined with or without SH in the absence of electromyography demonstrated effectiveness and feasibility in the treatment of infantile esotropia. A relative decrease in the frequency of complicated ptosis resulted from injections of BTA+SH.
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