ArticlePloS one2012
CD44 Promotes intoxication by the clostridial iota-family toxins.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD44 is a macrophage receptor for TcdB fromGut microbes · 2025Article
- Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2024Review
- Review
- Exploring the Toxin-Mediated Mechanisms inMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity ofToxins · 2023Review
- Requirement of Peptidyl-Prolyl Cis/Trans isomerases and chaperones for cellular uptake of bacterial AB-type toxins.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Intoxication of mammalian cells with binary clostridial enterotoxins is inhibited by the combination of pharmacological chaperone inhibitors.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2021Article
- Article
- The Importance of Therapeutically Targeting the Binary Toxin fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Structure of the cell-binding component of theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Mechanisms of Action and Cell Death Associated withToxins · 2018Review
- The role of toxins in Clostridium difficile infection.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2017Review
- Cellular Entry of Clostridium perfringens Iota-Toxin and Clostridium botulinum C2 Toxin.Toxins · 2017Review
- Hsp70 facilitates trans-membrane transport of bacterial ADP-ribosylating toxins into the cytosol of mammalian cells.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Article
- Interaction of the Clostridium difficile Binary Toxin CDT and Its Host Cell Receptor, Lipolysis-stimulated Lipoprotein Receptor (LSR).The Journal of biological chemistry · 2015Article
- Clostridium perfringens type A-E toxin plasmids.Research in microbiology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Various pathogenic clostridia produce binary protein toxins associated with enteric diseases of humans and animals. Separate binding/translocation (B) components bind to a protein receptor on the cell surface, assemble with enzymatic (A) component(s), and mediate endocytosis of the toxin complex. Ultimately there is translocation of A component(s) from acidified endosomes into the cytosol, leading to destruction of the actin cytoskeleton. Our results revealed that CD44, a multifunctional surface protein of mammalian cells, facilitates intoxication by the iota family of clostridial binary toxins. Specific antibody against CD44 inhibited cytotoxicity of the prototypical Clostridium perfringens iota toxin. Versus CD44(+) melanoma cells, those lacking CD44 bound less toxin and were dose-dependently resistant to C. perfringens iota, as well as Clostridium difficile and Clostridium spiroforme iota-like, toxins. Purified CD44 specifically interacted in vitro with iota and iota-like, but not related Clostridium botulinum C2, toxins. Furthermore, CD44 knockout mice were resistant to iota toxin lethality. Collective data reveal an important role for CD44 during intoxication by a family of clostridial binary toxins.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.