ArticlePloS one2012
Pilus biogenesis in Lactococcus lactis: molecular characterization and role in aggregation and biofilm formation.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Class C sortases of the SrtBCD pilus cluster involved in the virulence of Streptococcus suis in the mouse model.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- Metagenomic analysis reveals the novel role of vaginal Lactobacillus iners in Chinese healthy pregnant women.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Comparative genomic analysis of theComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains enter the Norwegian marine environment through treated sewage.MicrobiologyOpen · 2024Article
- Cell-to-cell non-conjugative plasmid transfer between Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria.Microbial biotechnology · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- Three Distinct Proteases Are Responsible for Overall Cell Surface Proteolysis in Streptococcus thermophilus.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Pili and other surface proteins influence the structure and the nanomechanical properties of Lactococcus lactis biofilms.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Diffusion profiles inEngineering in life sciences · 2021Article
- Genetics of Lactococci.Microbiology spectrum · 2019Review
- Altering textural properties of fermented milk by using surface-engineered Lactococcus lactis.Microbial biotechnology · 2018Article
- Surfaceome and Proteosurfaceome in Parietal Monoderm Bacteria: Focus on Protein Cell-Surface Display.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Cell Surface Properties ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Surface Proteins ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- Biofilm-Forming Capacity in Biogenic Amine-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Dairy Products.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Article
- The Nanomechanical Properties of Lactococcus lactis Pili Are Conditioned by the Polymerized Backbone Pilin.PloS one · 2016Article
- The N-Terminal GYPSY Motif Is Required for Pilin-Specific Sortase SrtC1 Functionality in Lactobacillus rhamnosus Strain GG.PloS one · 2016Article
- Overexpression of Enterococcus faecalis elr operon protects from phagocytosis.BMC microbiology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The genome of Lactococcus lactis strain IL1403 harbors a putative pilus biogenesis cluster consisting of a sortase C gene flanked by 3 LPxTG protein encoding genes (yhgD, yhgE, and yhhB), called here pil. However, pili were not detected under standard growth conditions. Over-expression of the pil operon resulted in production and display of pili on the surface of lactococci. Functional analysis of the pilus biogenesis machinery indicated that the pilus shaft is formed by oligomers of the YhgE pilin, that the pilus cap is formed by the YhgD pilin and that YhhB is the basal pilin allowing the tethering of the pilus fibers to the cell wall. Oligomerization of pilin subunits was catalyzed by sortase C while anchoring of pili to the cell wall was mediated by sortase A. Piliated L. lactis cells exhibited an auto-aggregation phenotype in liquid cultures, which was attributed to the polymerization of major pilin, YhgE. The piliated lactococci formed thicker, more aerial biofilms compared to those produced by non-piliated bacteria. This phenotype was attributed to oligomers of YhgE. This study provides the first dissection of the pilus biogenesis machinery in a non-pathogenic Gram-positive bacterium. Analysis of natural lactococci isolates from clinical and vegetal environments showed pili production under standard growth conditions. The identification of functional pili in lactococci suggests that the changes they promote in aggregation and biofilm formation may be important for the natural lifestyle as well as for applications in which these bacteria are used.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.