Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23236171›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012

Heterobivalent ligands target cell-surface receptor combinations in vivo.

Liping Xu, Jatinder S Josan, Josef Vagner, Michael R Caplan, Victor J Hruby, Eugene A Mash, Ronald M Lynch, David L Morse, Robert J Gillies

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
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  8. Review
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  16. Review
  17. Homo- and Heterodimerization of Proteins in Cell Signaling: Inhibition and Drug Design.Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology · 2018
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Bench-top to clinical therapies: A review of melanocortin ligands from 1954 to 2016.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2017
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Liping XuDepartment of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Jatinder S Josan
Josef Vagner
Michael R Caplan
Victor J Hruby
Eugene A Mash
Ronald M Lynch
David L Morse
Robert J Gillies

Funding

TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCHP30CA076292 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI John L. Cleveland · 1998 to 2026
$93.5M
Multimeric Ligands for Targeting of MelanomaR01CA097360 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI HRUBY, VICTOR J, MORSE, DAVID L · 2003 to 2012
$5.5M
Targeting Pancreatic CancerR01CA123547 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI MORSE, DAVID L · 2007 to 2011
$3.0M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA076292NCI NIH HHS R01 CA097360NCI NIH HHS R01 CA123547
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A challenge in tumor targeting is to deliver payloads to cancers while sparing normal tissues. A limited number of antibodies appear to meet this challenge as therapeutics themselves or as drug-antibody conjugates. However, antibodies suffer from their large size, which can lead to unfavorable pharmacokinetics for some therapeutic payloads, and that they are targeted against only a single epitope, which can reduce their selectivity and specificity. Here, we propose an alternative targeting approach based on patterns of cell surface proteins to rationally develop small, synthetic heteromultivalent ligands (htMVLs) that target multiple receptors simultaneously. To gain insight into the multivalent ligand strategy in vivo, we have generated synthetic htMVLs that contain melanocortin (MSH) and cholecystokinin (CCK) pharmacophores that are connected via a fluorescent labeled, rationally designed synthetic linker. These ligands were tested in an experimental animal model containing tumors that expressed only one (control) or both (target) MSH and CCK receptors. After systemic injection of the htMVL in tumor-bearing mice, label was highly retained in tumors that expressed both, compared with one, target receptors. Selectivity was quantified by using ex vivo measurement of Europium-labeled htMVL, which had up to 12-fold higher specificity for dual compared with single receptor expressing cells. This proof-of-principle study provides in vivo evidence that small, rationally designed bivalent htMVLs can be used to selectively target cells that express both, compared with single complimentary cell surface targets. These data open the possibility that specific combinations of targets on tumors can be identified and selectively targeted using htMVLs.

Indexed as

AnimalsCarbocyaninesCell SurvivalEuropiumFluorescenceHCT116 CellsHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalKineticsLigandsMiceMolecular Dynamics SimulationNeoplasmsReceptors, Cell SurfaceStaining and LabelingCarbocyaninescyanine dye 5EuropiumLigandsReceptors, Cell Surface

Identifiers

PMID23236171
PMCPMC3535626

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.