ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
Production of unique immunotoxin cancer therapeutics in algal chloroplasts.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microalgae as novel drug-delivery system for biomedical field.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Systematic approach for dissecting promoters and designing transform systems in microalgae.Microbial cell factories · 2025Article
- Regulation of nucleus-encoded trans-acting factors allows orthogonal fine-tuning of multiple transgenes in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Algae-Derived Compounds in Hematological Malignancies.Cancers · 2025Review
- Expression of recombinant Cap antigen of porcine circovirus type 2 in the chloroplast ofFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- A cyclical marker system enables indefinite series of oligonucleotide-directed gene editing in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.Plant physiology · 2024Article
- Harnessing the potential of microalgae for the production of monoclonal antibodies and other recombinant proteins.Protoplasma · 2024Review
- FcRider: a recombinant Fc nanoparticle with endogenous adjuvant activities for hybrid immunization.Antibody therapeutics · 2024Article
- Review
- The synthetic future of algal genomes.Cell genomics · 2024Review
- Hosts and Heterologous Expression Strategies of Recombinant Toxins for Therapeutic Purposes.Toxins · 2023Review
- Design, optimization, production and activity testing of recombinant immunotoxins expressed in plants and plant cells for the treatment of monocytic leukemia.Bioengineered · 2023Article
- Chloroplast Engineering: Fundamental Insights and Its Application in Amelioration of Environmental Stress.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Review
- Current Status and Perspective on the Use of Viral-Based Vectors in Eukaryotic Microalgae.Marine drugs · 2022Review
- OverexpressingMarine drugs · 2022Article
- Harnessing the Algal Chloroplast for Heterologous Protein Production.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Recent Progress on Systems and Synthetic Biology of Diatoms for Improving Algal Productivity.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Oral delivery of a functional algal-expressed TGF-β mimic halts colitis in a murine DSS model.Journal of biotechnology · 2021Article
- Pas de Trois: An Overview of Penta-, Tetra-, and Octo-Tricopeptide Repeat Proteins FromFrontiers in plant science · 2021Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The idea of targeted therapy, whereby drug or protein molecules are delivered to specific cells, is a compelling approach to treating disease. Immunotoxins are one such targeted therapeutic, consisting of an antibody domain for binding target cells and molecules of a toxin that inhibits the proliferation of the targeted cell. One major hurdle preventing these therapies from reaching the market has been the lack of a suitable production platform that allows the cost-effective production of these highly complex molecules. The chloroplast of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been shown to contain the machinery necessary to fold and assemble complex eukaryotic proteins. However, the translational apparatus of chloroplasts resembles that of a prokaryote, allowing them to accumulate eukaryotic toxins that otherwise would kill a eukaryotic host. Here we show expression and accumulation of monomeric and dimeric immunotoxin proteins in algal chloroplasts. These fusion proteins contain an antibody domain targeting CD22, a B-cell surface epitope, and the enzymatic domain of exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We demonstrated that algal-produced immunotoxins accumulate as soluble and enzymatically active proteins that bind target B cells and efficiently kill them in vitro. We also show that treatment with either the mono- or dimeric immunotoxins significantly prolongs the survival of mice with implanted human B-cell tumors.
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