ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2014
Social deprivation, inequality, and the neighborhood-level incidence of psychotic syndromes in East London.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 271 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis of the role of neighborhood deprivation in psychotic disorders.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Defining Urbanicity in the Context of Psychosis Research: A Qualitative Systematic Literature Review.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Pooled it
- The association between income inequality and adult mental health at the subnational level-a systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Social Fragmentation and Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- The ethnic density effect in psychosis: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2021Pooled it
- Perceived discrimination and psychosis: a systematic review of the literature.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2019Pooled it
- International incidence of psychotic disorders, 2002-17: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Public health · 2019Pooled it
- Ethnic density effects for adult mental health: systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies.Psychological medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Neighbourhood level social deprivation and the risk of psychotic disorders: a systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2016Pooled it
- Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in Caribbean-born migrants and their descendants in England: systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence rates, 1950-2013.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2015Pooled it
- Serious Mental Illness, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of primary care & community healthPooled it
- Neighborhood Characteristics and Social Functioning: Exploring Shared and Distinct Psychosocial Pathways Among Individuals at Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Neighborhood social fragmentation and cerebello-thalamo-cortical connectivity in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis and healthy comparisons.Brain and environment · 2026Article
- Synergistic pathways to psychosis: understanding developmental risk and resilience factors.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Relative Poverty and Mental Illness in Adults, Children, and Adolescents in Industrialized Countries.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025Review
- The impact of socioeconomic factors on the incidence and characteristics of first-episode psychosis.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2025Article
- Ethnic Density and Mental Health: Does it Matter Whether the Ethnic Density is Co-ethnic or Multi-ethnic and How Important is Change in Ethnic Density?Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Comorbidity between psychosis and eating disorders: a systematic review.Journal of eating disorders · 2025Review
- Complex medical conditions and health risk behaviors among homeless males with schizophrenia.Narra J · 2025Article
- Comprehensive spatial distribution of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and its relation to socio-economic factors.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although urban birth, upbringing, and living are associated with increased risk of nonaffective psychotic disorders, few studies have used appropriate multilevel techniques accounting for spatial dependency in risk to investigate social, economic, or physical determinants of psychosis incidence. We adopted Bayesian hierarchical modeling to investigate the sociospatial distribution of psychosis risk in East London for DSM-IV nonaffective and affective psychotic disorders, ascertained over a 2-year period in the East London first-episode psychosis study. We included individual and environmental data on 427 subjects experiencing first-episode psychosis to estimate the incidence of disorder across 56 neighborhoods, having standardized for age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. A Bayesian model that included spatially structured neighborhood-level random effects identified substantial unexplained variation in nonaffective psychosis risk after controlling for individual-level factors. This variation was independently associated with greater levels of neighborhood income inequality (SD increase in inequality: Bayesian relative risks [RR]: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.04-1.49), absolute deprivation (RR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.08-1.51) and population density (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.00-1.41). Neighborhood ethnic composition effects were associated with incidence of nonaffective psychosis for people of black Caribbean and black African origin. No variation in the spatial distribution of the affective psychoses was identified, consistent with the possibility of differing etiological origins of affective and nonaffective psychoses. Our data suggest that both absolute and relative measures of neighborhood social composition are associated with the incidence of nonaffective psychosis. We suggest these associations are consistent with a role for social stressors in psychosis risk, particularly when people live in more unequal communities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.