ArticleJournal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology2012
Drug treatment patterns of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents in Germany: results from a large population-based cohort study.
Article in Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Time of onset and/or diagnosis of ADHD in European children: a systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Risk of poisoning in children and adolescents with ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Assessing Palatability of a New Amphetamine Extended-Release Tablet Formulation for the Treatment of ADHD.Drug design, development and therapy · 2021Trial
- Disparities in treatment initiation following diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Review
- The development and validation of the questionnaire My Experience with ADHD Pharmacotherapy - Parent Report (ME WAPH-P).European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- ADHD in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: Incidence, Prevalence, and Treatment. An Analysis of Routine Health Insurance Data.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2026Article
- Increased use of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drugs among children and adolescents with suicidal ideation: A real-world registry study in Japan.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- A Review of Sex and Gender Factors in Stimulant Treatment for ADHD: Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions.Journal of attention disorders · 2025Review
- ADHD symptoms and diurnal cortisol in adolescents: The importance of comorbidities.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Genetic, Clinical, and Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Stimulant Treatment Outcomes in ADHD.The American journal of psychiatry · 2021Article
- Secular trends and regional variations in pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children and adolescents in Germany.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
- The Use of Antidepressants, Antipsychotics, and Stimulants in Youth Residential Care.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Association of psychiatric comorbidities with the risk of transport accidents in ADHD and MPH.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2021Article
- Child and Parental Characteristics of Medication Use for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Article
- Article
- A comparative study on the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying effects of methylphenidate and neurofeedback on inhibitory control in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2018Article
- Treatment patterns, health care resource utilization, and costs in Japanese adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder treated with atomoxetine.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2018Article
- Prevalence rates of youths diagnosed with and medicated for ADHD in a nationwide survey in Taiwan from 2000 to 2011.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDespite a substantial increase in total methylphenidate (MPH) prescriptions in Germany over the last 20 years, and the introduction of modified release MPH (MR MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX), remarkably little is known about treatment patterns of attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in individual patients.
methodsUsage patterns of ADHD drugs in children and adolescents in Germany were analyzed using data from one large German health insurance including >7,200,000 members. Of those, 6210 ADHD patients newly diagnosed in 2005 were followed for a maximum of 4 years. Kaplan-Meier estimates were calculated for onset and discontinuation of ADHD drug treatment. Predictors of time until drug treatment initiation were assessed by Cox regression.
resultsDuring follow-up, 52.0% of ADHD subjects (53.4% of boys, 47.5% of girls) received ADHD drug treatment. The majority of them (91.6%) were started on MPH, with immediate release MPH (IR MPH) being the initial treatment choice in 75.3%. In these subjects, change to drug treatment with MR MPH in the first year occurred in 48% by switch or addition. Significant predictors of drug treatment were behavioral and emotional disorders (HR=1.13; 95% CI 1.03-1.24) and a diagnosis of ADHD with conduct disorder (HR=1.21, 95% CI 1.12-1.32), whereas young age showed a protective effect. After 6, 12, and 24 months of treatment initiation, 22.4%, 43.4%, and 66.3% of treated girls, and 17.8%, 36.1%, and 54.1% of treated boys had discontinued ADHD treatment.
conclusionDrug treatment of ADHD was relatively common in Germany and more frequent in boys than in girls. IR MPH was the predominant treatment choice at treatment initiation. Approximately 20% of treated subjects discontinued drug treatment within the first 6 months, with girls stopping drug treatment earlier than boys. The reasons for early drug discontinuation need to be further explored.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.