ArticleThyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association2013
Demonstration of innate immune responses in the thyroid gland: potential to sense danger and a possible trigger for autoimmune reactions.
Article in Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Audiovestibular Dysfunction in Patients with Hashimoto's Disease: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- The prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in patients with urticaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2015Pooled it
- CITED2: a novel hub gene downregulated in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and associated with M1 macrophages via bioinformatics analysis and clinical validation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Integrative multi-omics Mendelian randomization and functional validation identifies RNASET2 as a novel therapeutic target for autoimmune thyroiditis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Bioactive components inHeliyon · 2024Article
- Multi-regulatory potency of USP1 on inflammasome components promotes pyroptosis in thyroid follicular cells and contributes to the progression of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Vitamin D: An Essential Nutrient in the Dual Relationship between Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and Celiac Disease-A Comprehensive Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Intestinal microbiota regulates the gut-thyroid axis: the new dawn of improving Hashimoto thyroiditis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Identification of Shared Biomarkers and Immune Infiltration Signatures between Vitiligo and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2024Article
- The Role of Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) in the Development and Progression of Hashimoto's Disease (HD): A Case Study on Female Patients in Poland.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Thyrotoxicosis occurrence in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Inflammasome activation as a link between obesity and thyroid disorders: Implications for an integrated clinical management.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Thyroid and COVID-19: a review on pathophysiological, clinical and organizational aspects.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2021Review
- Network Pharmacology to Explore the Molecular Mechanisms ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- The 4G/5G Polymorphism of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 is a Predictor of Moderate-to-Severe Thyroid Eye Disease.Journal of inflammation research · 2021Article
- Association of IL-1BioMed research international · 2021Article
- Hormonal Regulation of the MHC Class I Gene in Thyroid Cells: Role of the Promoter "Tissue-Specific" Region.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Associations between NLRC4 Gene Polymorphisms and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease.BioMed research international · 2020Article
- Innate Immune-Modulatory Activity ofFrontiers in endocrinology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAutoimmune thyroid disease is an archetypal organ-specific autoimmune disorder that is characterized by the production of thyroid autoantibodies and lymphocytic infiltration into the thyroid. However, the underlying mechanisms by which specific thyroid antibodies are produced are largely unknown. Recent studies have shown that innate immune responses affect both the phenotype and the severity of autoimmune reactions. Moreover, it appears that even non-immune cells, including thyroid cells, have an ability to launch such responses. The aim of this study was to conduct a more detailed analysis of innate immune responses of the thyroid upon stimulation with various "non-self" and "self" factors that might contribute to the initiation of autoimmune reactions.
methodsWe used rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells, human thyroid cells, and mice to investigate the effects of various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and iodide on gene expression and function that were related to innate immune responses.
resultsRT-PCR analysis showed that both rat and human thyroid cells expressed mRNAs for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that sensed PAMPs. Stimulation of thyrocytes with TLR ligands resulted in activation of the interferon-beta (IFN-β) promoter and the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB)-dependent promoter. As a result, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and type I interferons were produced. Similar activation was observed when thyroid cells were stimulated with double-stranded DNA, one of the typical DAMPs. In addition to these PAMPs and DAMPs, treatment of thyroid cells with high concentrations of iodide increased mRNA expression of various cytokines.
conclusionWe show that thyroid cells express functional sensors for exogenous and endogenous dangers, and that they are capable of launching innate immune responses without the assistance of immune cells. Such responses may relate to the development of thyroiditis, which in turn may trigger autoimmune reactions.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.