ReviewInternational urogynecology journal2013
The vagina as a route for drug delivery: a review.
Review in International urogynecology journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of vaginal administration of conjugated estrogens tablet on sexual function in postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.BMC women's health · 2020Trial
- In vitro metal leaching from tampons under simulated vaginal and menstrual pH conditions.AJOG global reports · 2026Article
- Optimizing genetic engineering approaches for protein loading into bacterial extracellular vesicles for vaginal drug delivery.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- Plastic Additives in Single-Use and Reusable Menstrual Products: Potential Implications for Human Health and the Environment.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Assessment of patient perception and administration technique of vaginal tablets at a tertiary care women's hospital.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Article
- Improving the safety of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) as a potential treatment for preterm birth in a pregnant mouse model using a vaginal nanoformulation.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2025Article
- The Know-how of Polymeric Nanocarrier Based Vaginal Drug Delivery System: Pitfalls, Challenges and Trends.Pharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2025Review
- Menstrual products: culprits or bystanders in endometriosis and adenomyosis pathogenesis?Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Review
- Tampons as a source of exposure to metal(loid)s.Environment international · 2024Article
- Hypotonic, gel-forming delivery system for vaginal drug administration.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Article
- Formulation and characterization of pressure-assisted microsyringe 3D-printed scaffolds for controlled intravaginal antibiotic release.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Nanoemulsion Loaded with Clotrimazole Based on Rapeseed Oil for Potential Vaginal Application-Development, Initial Assessment, and Pilot Release Studies.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- A Current Overview of Cyclodextrin-Based Nanocarriers for Enhanced Antifungal Delivery.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- In Situ Swelling Formulation of Glycerol-Monooleate-Derived Lyotropic Liquid Crystals Proposed for Local Vaginal Application.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Vaginal Nanoformulations for the Management of Preterm Birth.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Alginate as a Promising Biopolymer in Drug Delivery and Wound Healing: A Review of the State-of-the-Art.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Development of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-containing thioglycolic acid immobilized chitosan mucoadhesive gel as an alternative hormone therapy for menopausal syndrome.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2022Article
- Menstrual Products as a Source of Environmental Chemical Exposure: A Review from the Epidemiologic Perspective.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- New hope for preventing preterm birth: The promise of vaginal nanoformulations.Placenta and reproductive medicine · 2022Article
- Emulsion-Based Multicompartment Vaginal Drug Carriers: From Nanoemulsions to Nanoemulgels.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome has a significant deleterious impact on quality of life. After conservative therapy and bladder retaining, antimuscarinic drugs remain the mainstay of OAB management. Oral therapy is associated with frequent side effects, leading to the development of alternative agents and formulations or the use of novel routes of drug administration, such as the vaginal route. The vagina is often ideal for drug delivery because it allows the use of lower doses, maintains steady drug administration levels, and requires less frequent administration than the oral route. With vaginal drug administration, absorption is unaffected by gastrointestinal disturbances, there is no first-pass effect, and use is discreet. The aim of this review is to provide a background overview of vaginal development, anatomy, and physiology and the effect this has on the use of this route for both local and systemic drug delivery, with special reference to OAB management. Vaginal therapy continues to be an underused route of drug delivery. Vaginal administration allows nondaily, low, continuous dosing, which results in stable drug levels and may, in turn, achieve a lower incidence of side effects and improve patient compliance. These benefits must be balanced against inherent patient or physician bias against using this route and the need to overcome cultural, personal, and hygiene-related barriers to this form of therapy. More sophisticated and programmable vaginal rings are being developed for systemic delivery of therapeutically important macromolecules, such as antimuscarinic therapy in OAB management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
23229421What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.