SynthesisBMC public health2012
Second hand smoke exposure and the risk of invasive meningococcal disease in children: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for meningococcal disease in children and adolescents: a systematic review and META-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of environmental tobacco smoke exposure on anaesthetic and surgical outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of disease in childhood · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Second-hand smoke and the risk of tuberculosis: a systematic review and a meta-analysis.Epidemiology and infection · 2015Pooled it
- A randomised controlled trial of a complex intervention to reduce children's exposure to secondhand smoke in the home.Tobacco control · 2018Trial
- Children Learning About Secondhand Smoke (CLASS II): protocol of a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2015Trial
- Estimating the environmental burden of disease in children and adolescents in Germany: limitations and possible solutions.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Perceptions, knowledge and beliefs of women regarding second-hand smoke exposure: a qualitative study to identify approaches for change.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with an increased risk of developing myopia among nonmyopic children in China.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Secondhand Smoking and the Fetus: A Bibliometric Analysis.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2023Article
- The changing face of meningococcal infection.Clinical infection in practice · 2021Review
- Article
- Children Learning About Second-hand Smoke (CLASS II): a mixed methods process evaluation of a school-based intervention.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2021Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Anogenital Distance at 4 Years in the INMA-Asturias Cohort.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Endogenous α7 nAChR Agonist SLURP1 FacilitatesFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Article
- The Importance of Using Public Health Impact Criteria to Develop Environmental Health Indicators: The Example of the Indoor Environment in New Zealand.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Interconnected clusters of invasive meningococcal disease due toEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2018Article
- Rates of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from various indoor environments among US children and nonsmoker adolescents and adults.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- Smoke-free homes among single-parent families: Differences associated with parental race/ethnicity and smoking behaviors.Preventive medicine reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInvasive meningococcal disease remains an important cause of serious morbidity and mortality in children and young people. There is a growing body of literature to suggest that exposure to passive smoke may play a role in the development of the disease, therefore we have performed a systematic review to provide a comprehensive estimate of the magnitude of this effect for smoking by any household member, by individual family members, and of maternal smoking before and after birth.
methodsFour databases (Medline, Embase, PsychINFO and CAB Abstracts database) were searched to identify studies (to June 2012) and reference lists scanned for further studies. Titles, abstracts and full texts were checked for eligibility independently by two authors. Quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using random effect models, with heterogeneity quantified using I2.
resultsWe identified 18 studies which assessed the effects of SHS on the risk of invasive meningococcal disease in children. SHS in the home doubled the risk of invasive meningococcal disease (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.63 to 2.92, I2 = 72%), with some evidence of an exposure-response gradient. The strongest effect was seen in children under 5 years (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.51 to 4.09, I2 = 47%). Maternal smoking significantly increased the risk of invasive meningococcal disease by 3 times during pregnancy (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.52-5.66) and by 2 times after birth (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.54-3.31).
conclusionsSHS exposure, and particularly passive foetal exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy, significantly increases the risk of childhood invasive meningococcal disease. It is likely that an extra 630 cases of invasive meningococcal disease annually in children under 16 are directly attributable to SHS exposure in UK homes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.