ArticlePloS one2012
The microbiota is essential for the generation of black tea theaflavins-derived metabolites.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- From rhizosphere to gut: microbial drivers of tea flavor and bioactivity.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- Biotransformation of Corn-Derived N1,N10-di-p-Coumaroyl Spermidine in Mice and by Human Gut Microbiota Reveals Novel Reduced Metabolites.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2026Article
- Advances regarding physiological functions and mechanisms of theaflavin‑3,3'‑digallate (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Bioavailability of Tea Polyphenols: A Key Factor in Understanding Their Mechanisms of Action In Vivo and Health Effects.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025Review
- Bidirectional Interactions between Green Tea (GT) Polyphenols and Human Gut Bacteria.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Microbial-Transferred Metabolites of Black Tea Theaflavins by Human Gut Microbiota and Their Impact on Antioxidant Capacity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Role of gut microbiota metabolism and biotransformation on dietary natural products to human health implications with special reference to biochemoinformatics approach.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2023Review
- Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Neuroprotective Effects of Polyphenols-Polyphenols as an Element of Diet Therapy in Depressive Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- In Vitro Faecal Fermentation of Monomeric and Oligomeric Flavan-3-ols: Catabolic Pathways and Stoichiometry.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2022Article
- Beneficial Effects of Theaflavins on Metabolic Syndrome: From Molecular Evidence to Gut Microbiome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Role of Nutritional Factors in the Modulation of the Composition of the Gut Microbiota in People with Autoimmune Diabetes.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Article
- Gut Microbiota as a Novel Tool to Dissect the Complex Structures of Black Tea Polymers.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2022Article
- Black Tea Theaflavin Detoxifies Metabolic Toxins in the Intestinal Tract of Mice.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2021Article
- Microbial Metabolism of Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate and Its Gut Microbiota Composition Modulatory Effects.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2021Article
- Theaflavin Chemistry and Its Health Benefits.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Review
- Metabolomics reveals impact of seven functional foods on metabolic pathways in a gut microbiota model.Journal of advanced research · 2020Article
- The roles of gut microbiota and circadian rhythm in the cardiovascular protective effects of polyphenols.British journal of pharmacology · 2020Review
- Urinary Metabolites of Green Tea as Potential Markers of Colonization Resistance to Pathogenic Gut Bacteria in Mice.Pathogens & immunity · 2019Article
- Common gut microbial metabolites of dietary flavonoids exert potent protective activities in β-cells and skeletal muscle cells.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTheaflavins including theaflavin (TF), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF3G), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF3'G), and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TFDG), are the most important bioactive polyphenols in black tea. Because of their poor systemic bioavailability, it is still unclear how these compounds can exert their biological functions. The objective of this study is to identify the microbial metabolites of theaflavins in mice and in humans. METHODS AND
findingsIn the present study, we gavaged specific pathogen free (SPF) mice and germ free (GF) mice with 200 mg/kg TFDG and identified TF, TF3G, TF3'G, and gallic acid as the major fecal metabolites of TFDG in SPF mice. These metabolites were absent in TFDG- gavaged GF mice. The microbial bioconversion of TFDG, TF3G, and TF3'G was also investigated in vitro using fecal slurries collected from three healthy human subjects. Our results indicate that TFDG is metabolized to TF, TF3G, TF3'G, gallic acid, and pyrogallol by human microbiota. Moreover, both TF3G and TF3'G are metabolized to TF, gallic acid, and pyrogallol by human microbiota. Importantly, we observed interindividual differences on the metabolism rate of gallic acid to pyrogallol among the three human subjects. In addition, we demonstrated that Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and Bacillus subtilis have the capacity to metabolize TFDG.
conclusionsThe microbiota is important for the metabolism of theaflavins in both mice and humans. The in vivo functional impact of microbiota-generated theaflavins-derived metabolites is worthwhile of further study.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.