ArticleEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM2012
Interaction between Red Yeast Rice and CYP450 Enzymes/P-Glycoprotein and Its Implication for the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin.
Article in Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Red Yeast Rice: A Systematic Review of the Traditional Uses, Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control of an Important Chinese Folk Medicine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Pooled it
- Novel Approaches to Lipid Management: Beyond Statins and PCSK9 Inhibitors.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2026Review
- Red yeast rice with monacolin K for the improvement of hyperlipidemia: A narrative review.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Review
- Cardiovascular Remodeling and Potential Controversies in Master Endurance Athletes-A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Fulminant Red Yeast Rice-Associated Rhabdomyolysis with Acute Liver Injury and Hyperkalemia Treated with Extracorporeal Blood Purification Using CytoSorb.Drug, healthcare and patient safety · 2025Article
- Red Yeast Rice or Lovastatin? A Comparative Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy Through a Multifaceted Approach.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2025Article
- Review
- Safety Aspects of Herb Interactions: Current Understanding and Future Prospects.Current drug metabolism · 2024Review
- Rhabdomyolysis or Severe Acute Hepatitis Associated with the Use of Red Yeast Rice Extracts: an Update from the Adverse Event Reporting Systems.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2023Review
- Red Yeast Rice for the Improvement of Lipid Profiles in Mild-to-Moderate Hypercholesterolemia: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Rhabdomyolysis Related to Red Yeast Rice Ingestion.Cureus · 2023Article
- Nutraceutical Approaches to Dyslipidaemia: The Main Formulative Issues Preventing Efficacy.Nutrients · 2022Review
- The Use of Medications and Dietary Supplements by Masters Athletes - a Review.Current nutrition reports · 2022Review
- Analysis of Monacolins and Berberine in Food Supplements for Lipid Control: An Overview of Products Sold on the Italian Market.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Risk Assessment of RYR Food Supplements: Perception vs. Reality.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Preparation, Characterization and in vitro/in vivo Evaluation of Lovastatin-Loaded PLGA Microspheres by Local Administration for Femoral Head Necrosis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2021Article
- Comparison of the Reductions in LDL-C and Non-HDL-C Induced by the Red Yeast Rice Extract Xuezhikang Between Fasting and Non-fasting States in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
- Red Yeast Rice for Hyperlipidemia: A Meta-Analysis of 15 High-Quality Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Nanoparticles of Lovastatin: Design, Optimization and in vivo Evaluation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2020Article
- Quality and Authenticity Control of Functional Red Yeast Rice-A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Red yeast rice (RYR) can reduce cholesterol through its active component, lovastatin. This study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of lovastatin in RYR products and potential RYR-drug interactions. Extracts of three registered RYR products (LipoCol Forte, Cholestin, and Xuezhikang) were more effective than pure lovastatin in inhibiting the activities of cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein. Among CYP450 enzymes, RYR showed the highest inhibition on CYP1A2 and CYP2C19, with comparable inhibitory potencies to the corresponding typical inhibitors. In healthy volunteers taking the RYR product LipoCol Forte, the pharmacokinetic properties of lovastatin and lovastatin acid were linear in the dose range of 1 to 4 capsules taken as a single dose and no significant accumulation was observed after multiple dosing. Concomitant use of one LipoCol Forte capsule with nifedipine did not change the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine. Yet, concomitant use of gemfibrozil with LipoCol Forte resulted in a significant increase in the plasma concentration of lovastatin acid. These findings suggest that the use of RYR products may not have effects on the pharmacokinetics of concomitant comedications despite their effects to inhibit the activities of CYP450 enzymes and P-gp, whereas gemfibrozil affects the pharmacokinetics of lovastatin acid when used concomitantly with RYR products.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.