ArticleFrontiers in genetics2012
Gender differences in cancer susceptibility: an inadequately addressed issue.
Article in Frontiers in genetics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 242 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
242 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 495 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Incense Burning and the Risk of Lung Cancer in Asian Population: Meta-Analysis of Nine Case-Control Studies.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Pooled it
- Breastfeeding and risk of childhood brain tumors: a report from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2023Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of immune-cell fractions at high resolution reveals novel associations with common phenotypes and health outcomes.Genome medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Early Progression and Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome During Treatment of Mild-To-Moderate Kaposi Sarcoma in Sub-Saharan Africa and South America: Incidence, Long-Term Outcomes, and Effects of Early Chemotherapy.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Trial
- Optimising rare tumour risk syndromes care: clinical insights and the PREVENTABLE socioeconomic framework.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2026Article
- Article
- Gastrointestinal cancers in women: The role of sex hormones.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Global, regional, and national patterns of change in the burden of Hodgkin lymphoma from 1990 to 2021: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021 and projections to 2035.Annals of hematology · 2026Article
- Lifetime risk of cancer in carriers of intermediate alleles in the HTT gene.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Beyond XX and XY, Understanding Sex Differences in Leukemia.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Sex differences in innate immune cell responses: Impact on cancer immunity and response to therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Risk Factors for Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Population-Based Cohort Study of Sex-Specific Associations.Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Epidemiological trends of burden of brain and CNS cancer at global, regional, and national level: a trend analysis study from 1990 to 2021.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Loss of CMTR1 leads to gastrulation failure and early embryonic lethality.Developmental biology · 2025Article
- Tracking cancer hospitalizations: seventeen-year sex-specific trends in nationally representative hospitalization data on malignant neoplasms in Thailand (2007-2023).BMC public health · 2025Article
- Y-chromosome alteration and its impact on cancer progression and metastasis.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Review
- Variations in Cancer with Heart Failure Related Mortality in the United States from 1999-2020.Clinical medicine & research · 2025Article
- Clinical pathological significance and biological functions of APIP in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Article
- 'I don't know when it's my turn': reasons for low uptake of cancer-related healthcare services in Germany.BMC public health · 2025Article
182 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The gender difference in cancer susceptibility is one of the most consistent findings in cancer epidemiology. Hematologic malignancies are generally more common in males and this can be generalized to most other cancers. Similar gender differences in non-malignant diseases including autoimmunity, are attributed to hormonal or behavioral differences. Even in early childhood, however, where these differences would not apply, there are differences in cancer incidence between males and females. In childhood, few cancers are more common in females, but overall, males have higher susceptibility. In Hodgkin lymphoma, the gender ratio reverses toward adolescence. The pattern that autoimmune disorders are more common in females, but cancer and infections in males suggests that the known differences in immunity may be responsible for this dichotomy. Besides immune surveillance, genome surveillance mechanisms also differ in efficiency between males and females. Other obvious differences include hormonal ones and the number of X chromosomes. Some of the differences may even originate from exposures during prenatal development. This review will summarize well-documented examples of gender effect in cancer susceptibility, discuss methodological issues in exploration of gender differences, and present documented or speculated mechanisms. The gender differential in susceptibility can give important clues for the etiology of cancers and should be examined in all genetic and non-genetic association studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.