ArticlePharmacogenomics and personalized medicine2012
Individualized immunosuppression in transplant patients: potential role of pharmacogenetics.
Article in Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Introduction to Pharmacogenomics: Role of the Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory in Personalised Medicine-Current Status and Future Prospects.International journal of immunogenetics · 2026Review
- Pharmacogenetics of Mycophenolic Acid in Patients of African Descent: Underrepresentation of African Data.Clinical and translational science · 2026Review
- Treatment optimization of maintenance immunosuppressive agents in pediatric renal transplant recipients.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2021Review
- Inconsistencies in the association of clinical factors with the choice of early steroid withdrawal across kidney transplant centers: A national registry study.Clinical transplantation · 2021Article
- Article
- Adaptive features of innate immune cells and their relevance to graft rejection.Current opinion in organ transplantation · 2019Review
- Liver Transplantation for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Pathophysiology of Recurrence and Clinical Challenges.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2019Review
- Advances in machine perfusion, organ preservation, and cryobiology: potential impact on vascularized composite allotransplantation.Current opinion in organ transplantation · 2018Review
- Social, economic, and policy implications of organ preservation advances.Current opinion in organ transplantation · 2018Review
- Adverse Events under Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine in the First 3 Years Post-Renal Transplantation in Children.Clinical drug investigation · 2018Article
- The promise of organ and tissue preservation to transform medicine.Nature biotechnology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immunosuppressive drugs used to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs have a narrow therapeutic index. Under treatment results in episodes of rejection leading to either damage or loss of the organ. Over immunosuppression increases the risk of infection and malignancy as well as drug specific complications including diabetes mellitus and nephrotoxicity. There is wide variation in the drug dose required to achieve target blood concentrations and there is often dissociation between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Currently, immunosuppressive drug treatment is individualized based on a clinical assessment of the risk of rejection or toxicity. Therapeutic drug monitoring is routinely employed for several immunosuppressive drugs. Pharmacogenetics has the potential to complement therapeutic drug monitoring but clinical benefit has yet to be demonstrated. Novel biomarker-based approaches to risk stratification and pharmacodynamic monitoring are under development and are ready for clinical trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.