ArticlePharmacogenomics and personalized medicine2010
DRD4 and DAT1 in ADHD: Functional neurobiology to pharmacogenetics.
Article in Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- DRD4 48 bp multiallelic variants as age-population-specific biomarkers in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Driven by Dopamine: Genetic Insights into Motivation and Performance in Sports and Esports.Genes · 2026Review
- From genes to networks: neurobiological bases of neurodiversity across common developmental disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Family-based association study of DRD4 gene in methylphenidate-responded Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.PloS one · 2017Article
- Self-government of complex reading and writing brains informed by cingulo-opercular network for adaptive control and working memory components for language learning.Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience · 2017Article
- DAT1 and DRD4 genes involved in key dimensions of adult ADHD.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2015Article
- Interaction between prenatal stress and dopamine D4 receptor genotype in predicting aggression and cortisol levels in young adults.Psychopharmacology · 2014Article
- Prediction of preschool aggression from DRD4 risk, parental ADHD symptoms, and home chaos.Journal of abnormal child psychology · 2014Article
- Dopamine D4 receptor gene DRD4 and its association with psychiatric disorders.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2011Review
- Do dopamine gene variants and prenatal smoking interactively predict youth externalizing behavior?Neurotoxicology and teratologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and potentially very impairing neuropsychiatric disorder of childhood. Statistical genetic studies of twins have shown ADHD to be highly heritable, with the combination of genes and gene by environment interactions accounting for around 80% of phenotypic variance. The initial molecular genetic studies where candidates were selected because of the efficacy of dopaminergic compounds in the treatment of ADHD were remarkably successful and provided strong evidence for the role of DRD4 and DAT1 variants in the pathogenesis of ADHD. However, the recent application of non-candidate gene strategies (eg, genome-wide association scans) has failed to identify additional genes with substantial genetic main effects, and the effects for DRD4 and DAT1 have not been replicated. This is the usual pattern observed for most other physical and mental disorders evaluated with current state-of-the-art methods. In this paper we discuss future strategies for genetic studies in ADHD, highlighting both the pitfalls and possible solutions relating to candidate gene studies, genome-wide studies, defining the phenotype, and statistical approaches.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.