ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2013
Immune-mediated regression of established B16F10 melanoma by intratumoral injection of attenuated Toxoplasma gondii protects against rechallenge.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Promising effects of parasite-derived compounds on tumor regression: a systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Pooled it
- Intratumoral interferon-gamma increases chemokine production but fails to increase T cell infiltration of human melanoma metastases.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2016Trial
- Does acute inflammation triggered by infection promote cancer progression?PLoS biology · 2026Review
- Glancing at the role of Toxoplasma gondii in neuro-oncology: from risk factor to therapeutic target.Infectious agents and cancer · 2026Review
- A Unique Protein Adjuvant for Precision Immunotherapy to Prevent Recurrence of Surgically Resected Colorectal Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- Toxoplasma gondii as a drug for anti-tumor immunotherapy: mechanisms, challenges, and perspectives.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2026Review
- Polymer-based chemo-immunotherapy: Combining immunogenic cell death induction and PD-L1 blockade enhances antitumor immunity in melanoma.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- Interplay of obesity and parasitic infection: current evidence of immunogenesis, tumorigenesis and leptin receptor involvement.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Review
- Bridging the gap for diverse applications of parasites as advanced cancer therapeutics: current progress and future directions.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Review
- From pathogen to cure: exploring the antitumor potential of Toxoplasma gondii.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Review
- Novel Protein Adjuvant Activating Innate IFN-γ and IL-18 Expression and Inducing Rejection of Implanted Colorectal Cancer Following Immunotherapy Using This Adjuvant in Mice.Medical research archives · 2025Article
- Molecular mimicry between parasites and cancer: a novel approach for developing cancer vaccines and therapeutic antibodies.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment display a unique chromatin accessibility profile.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- Helminth-induced immune modulation in colorectal cancer: exploring therapeutic applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Parasites revive hope for cancer therapy.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Parasite-enhanced immunotherapy: transforming the "cold" tumors to "hot" battlefields.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- The Effects of Bipolar Cancellation Phenomenon on Nano-Electrochemotherapy of Melanoma Tumors: In Vitro and In Vivo Pilot.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Bactofection, Bacterial-Mediated Vaccination, and Cancer Therapy: Current Applications and Future Perspectives.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Toxoplasma gondii infection supports the infiltration of T cells into brain tumors.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2024Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune recognition of tumors can limit cancer development, but antitumor immune responses are often blocked by tumor-mediated immunosuppression. Because microbes or microbial constituents are powerful adjuvants to stimulate immune responses, we evaluated whether intratumoral administration of a highly immunogenic but attenuated parasite could induce rejection of an established poorly immunogenic tumor. We treated intradermal B16F10 murine melanoma by intratumoral injection of an attenuated strain of Toxoplasma gondii (cps) that cannot replicate in vivo and therefore is not infective. The cps treatment stimulated a strong CD8(+) T cell-mediated antitumor immune response in vivo that regressed established primary melanoma. The cps monotherapy rapidly modified the tumor microenvironment, halting tumor growth, and subsequently, as tumor-reactive T cells expanded, the tumors disappeared and rarely returned. The treatment required live cps that could invade cells and also required CD8(+) T cells and NK cells, but did not require CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IL-12, IFN-γ, and the CXCR3-stimulating cytokines are required for full treatment efficacy. The treatment developed systemic antitumor immune activity as well as antitumor immune memory and therefore might have an impact against human metastatic disease. The approach is not specific for either B16F10 or melanoma. Direct intratumoral injection of cps has efficacy against an inducible genetic melanoma model and transplantable lung and ovarian tumors, demonstrating potential for broad clinical use. The combination of efficacy, systemic antitumor immune response, and complete attenuation with no observed host toxicity demonstrates the potential value of this novel cancer therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.