ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2012
Necessary, sufficient and permissive: a single locomotor command neuron important for intersegmental coordination.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanisms that create a sequence of feeding-related behaviors in the molluskJournal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Segmentally repeated ventral nerve cord circuits drive different leg rubbing behaviors iniScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Caspase-9 Is a Positive Regulator of Osteoblastic Cell Migration Identified by diaPASEF Proteomics.Journal of proteome research · 2024Article
- Neural circuit regulation by identified modulatory projection neurons.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- A Single Central Pattern Generator for the Control of a Locomotor Rolling Wave in MolluscResearch (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Article
- Intersegmental Interactions Give Rise to a Global Network.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2022Article
- Spectral responses across a dorsal-ventral array of dermal sensilla in the medicinal leech.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2021Article
- Different microcircuit responses to comparable input from one versus both copies of an identified projection neuron.The Journal of experimental biology · 2020Article
- Command or Obey? Homologous Neurons Differ in Hierarchical Position for the Generation of Homologous Behaviors.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019Article
- Feedback Signal from Motoneurons Influences a Rhythmic Pattern Generator.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2017Article
- Network feedback regulates motor output across a range of modulatory neuron activity.Journal of neurophysiology · 2016Article
- A leech model for homeostatic plasticity and motor network recovery after loss of descending inputs.Journal of neurophysiology · 2016Article
- Article
- Compensatory plasticity restores locomotion after chronic removal of descending projections.Journal of neurophysiology · 2015Article
- Multiplexed modulation of behavioral choice.The Journal of experimental biology · 2014Article
- Mechanisms of coordination in distributed neural circuits: decoding and integration of coordinating information.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2014Article
- Dopamine: a parallel pathway for the modulation of spinal locomotor networks.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2014Review
- Scanning behavior in the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana.PloS one · 2014Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In this report we posed the overarching question: What multiple contributions can a single neuron have on controlling the behavior of an animal, especially within a given context? To address this timely question, we studied the neuron R3b-1 in the medicinal leech. This bilaterally paired neuron descends from the cephalic ganglion and projects uninterrupted through the segmental ganglia comprising the nerve cord; its terminal arbors invade each hemi-ganglion. We discovered that a single R3b-1 neuron functions as a command neuron in the strictest sense, as it was both necessary and sufficient for fictive crawling behavior. Aside from these command-related properties, we determined that R3b-1 modulates the cycle period of crawl motor activity. R3b-1 has previously been shown to activate swimming behavior, but when the CNS was exposed to dopamine (DA), crawling became the exclusive locomotor pattern produced by R3b-1. DA exposure also led to bursting in R3b-1 that matched periods observed during fictive crawling, even when potential ascending inputs from crawl oscillators were removed. Although the above attributes render R3b-1 an intriguing cell, it is its ability to permit the coordination of the segmentally distributed crawl oscillators that makes this multifunctional neuron so notable. To our knowledge, this cell provides the first biological example of a single command neuron that is also vital for the intersegmental coordination of a locomotor behavior. Furthermore, our study highlights the importance of DA as an internal contextual cue that can integrate functional layers of the nervous system for adaptive behavior.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.