Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23221638›Full record

ArticleNucleic acids research2013

Integrative annotation of chromatin elements from ENCODE data.

Michael M Hoffman, Jason Ernst, Steven P Wilder, Anshul Kundaje, Robert S Harris, Max Libbrecht, Belinda Giardine, Paul M Ellenbogen, Jeffrey A Bilmes, Ewan Birney and 4 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nucleic acids research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 336 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
336citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
18.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

336 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 619 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
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  9. Pervasive cryptic selection in the human noncoding genome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  17. Targeting the 3D genome by anthracyclines for chemotherapeutic effects.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
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  19. Article
  20. Article

276 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.

Michael M HoffmanDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA.
Jason Ernst
Steven P Wilder
Anshul Kundaje
Robert S Harris
Max Libbrecht
Belinda Giardine
Paul M Ellenbogen
Jeffrey A Bilmes
Ewan Birney
Ross C Hardison
Ian Dunham
Manolis Kellis
William Stafford Noble
University of Washington · USEuropean Bioinformatics Institute · GBPennsylvania State University · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USMassachusetts Institute of Technology · USStanford University · US

Funding

High-throughput sequencing of chromatin regulatory elementsU54HG004570 · NHGRI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI BERNSTEIN, BRADLEY EVAN · 2007 to 2011
$8.1M
EDAC: ENCODE Data Analysis CenterU01HG004695 · NHGRI · EUROPEAN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LABORATORY · PI BIRNEY, EWAN · 2008 to 2012
$6.4M
Global Predictions and Tests of Erythroid RegulationR01DK065806 · NIDDK · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY-UNIV PARK · PI BLOBEL, GERD A, CHIAROMONTE, FRANCESCA · 2004 to 2013
$5.3M
Regulatory Morif Discovery in the Human Genome Using Comparative GenomicsR01HG004037 · NHGRI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI KELLIS, MANOLIS · 2007 to 2015
$3.9M
Enhance human ENCODE by function comparisons to mouseRC2HG005573 · NHGRI · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI HARDISON, ROSS C · 2009 to 2011
$2.2M
Integrative analysis of genomic and epigenomic datasets in multiple cell typesRC1HG005334 · NHGRI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI KELLIS, MANOLIS · 2009 to 2011
$1.4M
Global Predictions and Tests of Hematopoietic RegulationR56DK065806 · NIDDK · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI BLOBEL, GERD A, BODINE, DAVID M. · 2014 to 2014
$224k
Pattern Discovery for comparative epigenomicsK99HG006259 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI HOFFMAN, MICHAEL MILNER · 2011 to 2012
$206k
NHGRI NIH HHS HG004570NHGRI NIH HHS HG004695NHGRI NIH HHS HG005334NHGRI NIH HHS HG005573NHGRI NIH HHS HG006259NHGRI NIH HHS K99 HG006259NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG004037NHGRI NIH HHS RC2 HG005573NIDDK NIH HHS DK065806NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK065806Wellcome Trust 095908
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ENCODE Project has generated a wealth of experimental information mapping diverse chromatin properties in several human cell lines. Although each such data track is independently informative toward the annotation of regulatory elements, their interrelations contain much richer information for the systematic annotation of regulatory elements. To uncover these interrelations and to generate an interpretable summary of the massive datasets of the ENCODE Project, we apply unsupervised learning methodologies, converting dozens of chromatin datasets into discrete annotation maps of regulatory regions and other chromatin elements across the human genome. These methods rediscover and summarize diverse aspects of chromatin architecture, elucidate the interplay between chromatin activity and RNA transcription, and reveal that a large proportion of the genome lies in a quiescent state, even across multiple cell types. The resulting annotation of non-coding regulatory elements correlate strongly with mammalian evolutionary constraint, and provide an unbiased approach for evaluating metrics of evolutionary constraint in human. Lastly, we use the regulatory annotations to revisit previously uncharacterized disease-associated loci, resulting in focused, testable hypotheses through the lens of the chromatin landscape.

Indexed as

Genome, HumanMolecular Sequence AnnotationRegulatory Elements, TranscriptionalChromatinEnhancer Elements, GeneticGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansInsulator ElementsPromoter Regions, GeneticProteinsTerminator Regions, GeneticTranscription, GeneticChromatinProteins

Identifiers

PMID23221638
PMCPMC3553955
OpenAlexW2135993011

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.