ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2013
Vertical T cell immunodominance and epitope entropy determine HIV-1 escape.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 147 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
147 citing papers in PubMed, 197 citations in OpenAlex.
- MVA.HIVconsvX vaccination-evoked T cell expansion inversely associates with age in people with HIV-1 on antiretroviral therapy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Trial
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- Evaluation of the immunogenicity and impact on the latent HIV-1 reservoir of a conserved region vaccine, MVA.HIVconsv, in antiretroviral therapy-treated subjects.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2017Trial
- Temporal Dynamics of CD8+ T Cell Effector Responses during Primary HIV Infection.PLoS pathogens · 2016Trial
- Innate Immune Activity Correlates with CD4 T Cell-Associated HIV-1 DNA Decline during Latency-Reversing Treatment with Panobinostat.Journal of virology · 2015Trial
- Functional avidity and IL-2/perforin production is linked to the emergence of mutations within HLA-B*5701-restricted epitopes and HIV-1 disease progression.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Trial
- Trial
- Harnessing conserved epitopes and multivalent antigen strategies for vaccine design: Lessons learned and opportunities.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Prophylactic treatment with broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 selects for escape mutants after infection in Antibody-Mediated Prevention trials.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Prediction of recent HIV-1 infections using Shannon entropy analysis of HIV-1 group-specific antigen protein sequence.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Humanizing Mice for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Studies.Current protocols · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Inferring fitness seascapes from evolutionary histories.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1-MVA-vectored conserved mosaic HIVconsvX candidate T-cell vaccines in HIV-CORE 005.2, an open-label, dose-escalation, first-in-human, phase 1 trial in adults living without HIV-1 in the UK.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Article
- A binary trait model reveals the fitness effects of HIV-1 escape from T cell responses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- NK cell depletion in bispecific antibody therapy is associated with lack of HIV control after ART interruption.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Efficient epistasis inference via higher-order covariance matrix factorization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A binary trait model reveals the fitness effects of HIV-1 escape from T cell responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Using viral diversity to identify HIV-1 variants under HLA-dependent selection in a systematic viral genome-wide screen.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
33 authors at 10 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-1 accumulates mutations in and around reactive epitopes to escape recognition and killing by CD8+ T cells. Measurements of HIV-1 time to escape should therefore provide information on which parameters are most important for T cell-mediated in vivo control of HIV-1. Primary HIV-1-specific T cell responses were fully mapped in 17 individuals, and the time to virus escape, which ranged from days to years, was measured for each epitope. While higher magnitude of an individual T cell response was associated with more rapid escape, the most significant T cell measure was its relative immunodominance measured in acute infection. This identified subject-level or "vertical" immunodominance as the primary determinant of in vivo CD8+ T cell pressure in HIV-1 infection. Conversely, escape was slowed significantly by lower population variability, or entropy, of the epitope targeted. Immunodominance and epitope entropy combined to explain half of all the variability in time to escape. These data explain how CD8+ T cells can exert significant and sustained HIV-1 pressure even when escape is very slow and that within an individual, the impacts of other T cell factors on HIV-1 escape should be considered in the context of immunodominance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.