Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23219695›Full record

ReviewVaccine2013

Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease: experience in the United States and implications for a potential group B streptococcal vaccine.

Stephanie J Schrag, Jennifer R Verani

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Vaccine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
132citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
14.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

132 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 300 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Intrapartum Antibiotic Chemoprophylaxis Policies for the Prevention of Group B Streptococcal Disease Worldwide: Systematic Review.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017
    Pooled it
  6. Risk of Early-Onset Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Disease With Maternal Colonization Worldwide: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017
    Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Trial
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  12. Oral azithromycin given during labour decreases bacterial carriage in the mothers and their offspring: a double-blind randomized trial.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2016
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  18. Descriptive review: global spectrum of invasive group B streptococcal disease in nonpregnant adults: epidemiology, risk factors and clinical presentations.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Article

72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Stephanie J SchragDivision of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, GA 30333, USA. zha6@cdc.gov
Jennifer R Verani
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) emerged as the leading cause of newborn infection in the United States in the 1970s. In the 1980s clinical trials demonstrated that giving intrapartum intravenous ampicillin or penicillin to mothers at risk was highly effective at preventing invasive GBS disease in the first week of life (early-onset). In 1996, the first national guidelines for the prevention of perinatal GBS disease were issued; these recommended either antenatal screening for GBS colonization and intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis (IAP) to colonized women, or targeting IAP to women with certain obstetric risk factors during labor. In 2002, revised guidelines recommended universal antenatal GBS screening. A multistate population-based review of labor and delivery records in 2003-2004 found 85% of women had documented antenatal GBS screening; 98% of screened women had a colonization result available at labor. However, missed opportunities for prevention were identified among women delivering preterm and among those with penicillin allergy, and more false negative GBS screening results were observed than expected. The incidence of invasive early-onset GBS disease decreased by more than 80% from 1.8 cases/1000 live births in the early 1990s to 0.26 cases/1000 live births in 2010; from 1994 to 2010 we estimate that over 70,000 cases of EOGBS invasive disease were prevented in the United States. IAP effectiveness is similar and high among term (91%) and preterm (86%) infants when first line therapy is received for at least 4h. However, early-onset disease incidence among preterm infants remains twice that of term infants; moreover disease among infants after the first week of life (late-onset disease) has not been impacted by IAP. The US experience demonstrates that universal screening and IAP for GBS-colonized women comprise a highly effective strategy against early-onset GBS infections. Maximizing adherence to recommended practices holds promise to further reduce the burden of early-onset GBS disease. Yet there are also inherent limitations to universal screening and IAP. Some of these could potentially be addressed by an efficacious maternal GBS vaccine.

Indexed as

AmpicillinAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntibiotic ProphylaxisFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornInfant, Newborn, DiseasesInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalPenicillinsPregnancyPremature BirthPrenatal DiagnosisReproductive Tract InfectionsStreptococcal InfectionsStreptococcal VaccinesStreptococcus agalactiaeAmpicillinAnti-Bacterial AgentsPenicillinsStreptococcal VaccinesGroup B streptococcusIntrapartum antibiotic prophylaxisMaternal immunizationNeonatal sepsis

Identifiers

PMID23219695
PMCPMC11843781
OpenAlexW2087986262

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.