SynthesisParasites & vectors2012
A systematic review of mosquito coils and passive emanators: defining recommendations for spatial repellency testing methodologies.
Synthesis in Parasites & vectors, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Cluster Randomized Trial of the Efficacy of a Spatial Repellent (the Envelope) on Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Incidence as Measured by Time to First Infection in Western Kenya
Spatial Repellent Products for Control of Vector Borne Diseases
A Cluster Randomized, Placebo Control Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Spatial Repellent (Mosquito ShieldTM) Against Aedes-borne Virus Infection Among Children ≥ 4-16 Years of Age in the Gampaha District, Sri Lanka
Advancing Spatial Repellents for Malaria Control: Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of a Spatial Repellent Under Operational Use in Northern Uganda
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of clinical manifestations, management and outcome following accidental ingestion of liquid mosquito repellent vaporiser in children.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of a spatial repellent on malaria incidence in an area of western Kenya characterised by high malaria transmission, insecticide resistance, and universal coverage of insecticide treated nets (part of the AEGIS Consortium): a cluster-randomised, controlled trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Efficacy of a Spatial Repellent for Control of Malaria in Indonesia: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Performance of different spatial repellents (spatial emanators) against vector mosquito species in Mali, West Africa: a field trial using a non-human test method.Frontiers in insect science · 2026Article
- Does use of domestic insecticides undermine public health control strategies?Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Review
- Making scents of mosquito repellents.Trends in parasitology · 2025Review
- Development of flame retardant slow release insecticides paint and testing its efficacy for four years against dengue and malaria vectors.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Evaluating human landing catches as a measure of mosquito biting and the importance of considering additional modes of action.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Mosquito Control Strategies and Insecticide Resistance of the Malaria Vector in Urbanized Land Use Types in Suame Municipality, Ghana.Journal of tropical medicine · 2024Article
- Transfluthrin diffusers do not protect two-person US military tents from mosquitoes in open field and canopy warm-temperate habitats.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Article
- The oral repellent - science fiction or common sense? Insects, vector-borne diseases, failing strategies, and a bold proposition.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2023Review
- CDC light traps underestimate the protective efficacy of an indoor spatial repellent against bites from wild Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in Tanzania.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Improving the efficiency of aerosolized insecticide testing against mosquitoes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Semi-field evaluation of a novel controlled release device using transfluthrin as spatial repellent to prevent entry of mosquitoes into military tents.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2023Article
- Field Evaluation of Novel Spatial Repellent Controlled Release Devices (CRDs) against Mosquitoes in an Outdoor Setting in the Northern Peruvian Amazon.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Article
- Molecular and functional characterization of a conserved odorant receptor from Aedes albopictus.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mosquito coils, vaporizer mats and emanators confer protection against mosquito bites through the spatial action of emanated vapor or airborne pyrethroid particles. These products dominate the pest control market; therefore, it is vital to characterize mosquito responses elicited by the chemical actives and their potential for disease prevention. The aim of this review was to determine effects of mosquito coils and emanators on mosquito responses that reduce human-vector contact and to propose scientific consensus on terminologies and methodologies used for evaluation of product formats that could contain spatial chemical actives, including indoor residual spraying (IRS), long lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) and insecticide treated materials (ITMs). PubMed, (National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), U.S. National Library of Medicine, NIH), MEDLINE, LILAC, Cochrane library, IBECS and Armed Forces Pest Management Board Literature Retrieval System search engines were used to identify studies of pyrethroid based coils and emanators with key-words "Mosquito coils" "Mosquito emanators" and "Spatial repellents". It was concluded that there is need to improve statistical reporting of studies, and reach consensus in the methodologies and terminologies used through standardized testing guidelines. Despite differing evaluation methodologies, data showed that coils and emanators induce mortality, deterrence, repellency as well as reduce the ability of mosquitoes to feed on humans. Available data on efficacy outdoors, dose-response relationships and effective distance of coils and emanators is inadequate for developing a target product profile (TPP), which will be required for such chemicals before optimized implementation can occur for maximum benefits in disease control.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.