ReviewEpilepsia2012
Possible alterations in GABAA receptor signaling that underlie benzodiazepine-resistant seizures.
Review in Epilepsia, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- NMDA antagonists for refractory seizures.Neurocritical care · 2014Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics of rectal levetiracetam as add-on treatment in dogs affected by cluster seizures or status epilepticus.BMC veterinary research · 2018Trial
- Article
- Effects of fenfluramine and sigma-1-dependent pharmacological and genetic modulation in a mouse kindling model.Epilepsia · 2026Article
- KCC2 activation during postnatal development alleviates long-term deficits in CDKL5-deficient mice.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Neonatal seizures and GABAergic drugs: Scylla and Charybdis?Epilepsia open · 2026Review
- Carvone derived cannabidiol enantiomers as novel anticonvulsants.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Review
- Hospital-Wide Implementation, Clinical Outcomes, and Safety of Phenobarbital for Alcohol Withdrawal.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Fusion of FDG and FMZ PET Reduces False-Positives in Predicting Epileptogenic Zone.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Allopregnanolone as an Adjunct Therapy to Midazolam is More Effective Than Midazolam Alone in Suppressing Soman-Induced Status Epilepticus in Male Rats.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in Bioactive Flavonoids-based Nanotherapeutics as Promising Neuroprotectants in Epilepsy.Current aging science · 2025Review
- Antiseizure Medications: Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects in Drug Development.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of Ketamine As a Rescue Drug for Patients Experiencing Benzodiazepine-Resistant Status Epilepticus in the Prehospital Setting.Critical care explorations · 2024Observational
- Neurosteroids as Novel Anticonvulsants for Refractory Status Epilepticus and Medical Countermeasures for Nerve Agents: A 15-Year Journey to Bring Ganaxolone from Bench to Clinic.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Review
- Semaphorin 4D induced inhibitory synaptogenesis decreases epileptiform activity and alters progression to Status Epilepticus in mice.Epilepsy research · 2023Article
- Pediatric Status Epilepticus: Treat Early and Avoid Delays.Paediatric drugs · 2023Review
- Delayed tezampanel and caramiphen treatment but not midazolam protects against long-term neuropathology after soman exposure.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Duration of constant rate infusion with diazepam or propofol for canine cluster seizures and status epilepticus.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Use of Continuous Ketamine Infusion as an Adjunctive Agent in Young Infants With Refractory and Super Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Case Series.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Benzodiazepines have been used for decades as first-line treatment for status epilepticus (SE). For reasons that are not fully understood, the efficacy of benzodiazepines decreases with increasing duration of seizure activity. This often forces clinicians to resort to more drastic second- and third-line treatments that are not always successful. The antiseizure properties of benzodiazepines are mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A) ) receptors. Decades of research have focused on the failure of GABAergic inhibition after seizure onset as the likely cause of the development benzodiazepine resistance during SE. However, the details of the deficits in GABA(A) signaling are still largely unknown. Therefore, it is necessary to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of benzodiazepine resistance so that more effective strategies can be formulated. In this review we discuss evidence supporting the role of altered GABA(A) receptor function as the major underlying cause of benzodiazepine-resistant SE in both humans and animal models. We specifically address the prevailing hypothesis, which is based on changes in the number and subtypes of GABA(A) receptors, as well as the potential influence of perturbed chloride homeostasis in the mature brain.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.