ArticlePain research and treatment2012
Fibromyalgia syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
Article in Pain research and treatment, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 132 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multi-disciplinary, Community-based Group Intervention for Fibromyalgia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Museums as Health Spaces: Design and Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Arts in Health Intervention to Improve the Quality of Life and Functional Capacity Regarding the Pain of People With Fibromyalgia. Mixed Methodology Study.
Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Fibromyalgia in cancer patients: a systematic review and clinical implications for integrated care.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of TNX-102 SL in patients with fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pain management · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of whole body vibration training on fibromyalgia.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Assessing Ethnic Minority Representation in Fibromyalgia Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review of Recruitment Demographics.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in fibromyalgia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of its role as a potential biomarker.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Characteristics of Lyme optic neuritis: a case report of Lyme associated bilateral optic neuritis and systematic review of the literature.BMC neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Multidisciplinary rehabilitation treatments for patients with fibromyalgia: a systematic review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Dietary Interventions in the Management of Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review and Best-Evidence Synthesis.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of Reducing Sitting Time in Women with Fibromyalgia and Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- The effect of cryotherapy on fibromyalgia: a randomised clinical trial carried out in a cryosauna cabin.Rheumatology international · 2018Trial
- Efficacy of cupping therapy in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome-a randomised placebo controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- Excitatory and inhibitory brain metabolites as targets of motor cortex transcranial direct current stimulation therapy and predictors of its efficacy in fibromyalgia.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2015Trial
- Prenatal Stress, Enteric Nervous System Development, and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: A Hypothesis-Generating Framework for Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Fibromyalgia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cannabinoids in immune system-related diseases: From bench to clinic.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Corneal confocal microscopy in fibromyalgia syndrome: small fiber neuropathy, and treatment outcomes.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Machine learning for the diagnosis of fibromyalgia based on magnetic resonance imaging.PloS one · 2026Article
- Low vitamin D status and long-term risk of incident fibromyalgia: a propensity score-matched cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Skin layer thickness, muscle elasticity and their effects on pain level in fibromyalgia patients.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Article
- The Role of Insular Cortex and Prefrontal Cortex in the Pathogenesis of Fibromyalgia: Biochemical and Electrophysiological Rodent Study.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fibromyalgia syndrome is mainly characterized by pain, fatigue, and sleep disruption. The etiology of fibromyalgia is still unclear: if central sensitization is considered to be the main mechanism involved, then many other factors, genetic, immunological, and hormonal, may play an important role. The diagnosis is typically clinical (there are no laboratory abnormalities) and the physician must concentrate on pain and on its features. Additional symptoms (e.g., Raynaud's phenomenon, irritable bowel disease, and heat and cold intolerance) can be associated with this condition. A careful differential diagnosis is mandatory: fibromyalgia is not a diagnosis of exclusion. Since 1990, diagnosis has been principally based on the two major diagnostic criteria defined by the ACR. Recently, new criteria have been proposed. The main goals of the treatment are to alleviate pain, increase restorative sleep, and improve physical function. A multidisciplinary approach is optimal. While most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids have limited benefit, an important role is played by antidepressants and neuromodulating antiepileptics: currently duloxetine (NNT for a 30% pain reduction 7.2), milnacipran (NNT 19), and pregabalin (NNT 8.6) are the only drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of fibromyalgia. In addition, nonpharmacological treatments should be associated with drug therapy.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.