ArticleBiology open2012
CD81 and CD9 work independently as extracellular components upon fusion of sperm and oocyte.
Article in Biology open, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles in reproductive biology and disorders: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Molecular interplay between sperm and oocyte: a narrative review.Human reproduction update · 2026Review
- The influence of cell-cell fusion on cancer heterogeneity and its promise for targeted treatments.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Membrane Fusions During Mammalian Fertilization.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in bovine reproduction: their journey from gametogenesis to pregnancy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Stem cell treatments for female reproductive disorders: a comprehensive review.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles: Roles in oocytes and emerging therapeutic opportunities.Chinese medical journal · 2025Review
- Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Genome-wide association study considering genotype-by-environment interaction for productive and reproductive traits using whole-genome sequencing in Nellore cattle.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Article
- The Implant-Induced Foreign Body Response Is Limited by CD13-Dependent Regulation of Ubiquitination of Fusogenic Proteins.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Amniotic Mesenchymal-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in the Prevention of Persistent Post-Breeding Induced Endometritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Eukaryotic fertilization and gamete fusion at a glance.Journal of cell science · 2022Article
- Roles of exosomes as drug delivery systems in cancer immunotherapy: a mini-review.Discover oncology · 2022Review
- The role of extracellular vesicles in animal reproduction and diseases.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Molecular mechanisms and evolution of fertilization proteins.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2021Review
- Genetic incompatibility of the reproductive partners: an evolutionary perspective on infertility.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Proteomic and Bioinformatic Analysis of Decellularized Pancreatic Extracellular Matrices.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Oolemma Receptors in Mammalian Molecular Fertilization: Function and New Methods of Study.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
When a sperm and oocyte unite into one cell upon fertilization, membranous fusion between the sperm and oocyte occurs. In mice, Izumo1 and a tetraspanin molecule CD9 are required for sperm-oocyte fusion as one of the oocyte factors, and another tetraspanin molecule CD81 is also thought to involve in this process. Since these two tetraspanins often form a complex upon cell-cell interaction, it is probable that such a complex is also formed in sperm-oocyte interaction; however, this possibility is still under debate among researchers. Here we assessed this problem using mouse oocytes. Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that both CD9 and CD81 were widely distributed outside the oocyte cell membrane, but these molecules were separate, forming bilayers, confirmed by immunobiochemical analysis. Electron-microscopic analysis revealed the presence of CD9- or CD81-incorporated extracellular structures in those bilayers. Finally, microinjection of in vitro-synthesized RNA showed that CD9 reversed a fusion defect in CD81-deficient oocytes in addition to CD9-deficient oocytes, but CD81 failed in both oocytes. These results suggest that both CD9 and CD81 independently work upon sperm-oocyte fusion as extracellular components.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.