ArticleImmune network2012
Mucosal Immune System and M Cell-targeting Strategies for Oral Mucosal Vaccination.
Article in Immune network, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Alcohol on the Intestinal Immune System.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Protein nanocages: A new frontier in mucosal vaccine delivery and immune activation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- The Effect of Cefazolin on the Gut Microbiome of Female Rats After Spinal Cord Injury.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Structure-guided design of a novel, stable, and soluble Cecropin A variant for antimicrobial therapeutic applications.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- In silico design and evaluation of a multiepitope vaccine against Bordetella pertussis: structural, immunological, and biological properties.Genomics & informatics · 2025Article
- A user's guide to designing efficient and safe mucosal vaccines: Challenges & potentials.Oxford open immunology · 2025Review
- Baicalin enhances respiratory mucosal immunity by modulating antiviral protein expression and T-cell homeostasis during H9N2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Spinal cord injury: pathophysiology, possible treatments and the role of the gut microbiota.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Cracking the intestinal lymphatic system window utilizing oral delivery vehicles for precise therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- Effects of dietary supplementation with purple garlic powder and oregano essential oil on intestinal health in post-weaning piglets from commercial farms.Veterinary research communications · 2023Article
- Development of mucosal vaccine delivery: an overview on the mucosal vaccines and their adjuvants.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2022Review
- Integrity of the Intestinal Barrier: The Involvement of Epithelial Cells and Microbiota-A Mutual Relationship.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Oral drug delivery for immunoengineering.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2022Review
- Efficacy of Feed-Based Formalin-Killed Vaccine ofVaccines · 2021Article
- Review
- Promising Plant-Derived Adjuvants in the Development of Coccidial Vaccines.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2019Review
- Oral Vaccine Delivery for Intestinal Immunity-Biological Basis, Barriers, Delivery System, and M Cell Targeting.Polymers · 2018Review
- Noninvasive vaccination against infectious diseases.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Review
- N-terminal Domain of the Spike Protein of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus as a New Candidate Molecule for a Mucosal Vaccine.Immune network · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most effective methods available to prevent infectious diseases. Mucosa, which are exposed to heavy loads of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, are one of the first areas where infections are established, and therefore have frontline status in immunity, making mucosa ideal sites for vaccine application. Moreover, vaccination through the mucosal immune system could induce effective systemic immune responses together with mucosal immunity in contrast to parenteral vaccination, which is a poor inducer of effective immunity at mucosal surfaces. Among mucosal vaccines, oral mucosal vaccines have the advantages of ease and low cost of vaccine administration. The oral mucosal immune system, however, is generally recognized as poorly immunogenic due to the frequent induction of tolerance against orally-introduced antigens. Consequently, a prerequisite for successful mucosal vaccination is that the orally introduced antigen should be transported across the mucosal surface into the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). In particular, M cells are responsible for antigen uptake into MALT, and the rapid and effective transcytotic activity of M cells makes them an attractive target for mucosal vaccine delivery, although simple transport of the antigen into M cells does not guarantee the induction of specific immune responses. Consequently, development of mucosal vaccine adjuvants based on an understanding of the biology of M cells has attracted much research interest. Here, we review the characteristics of the oral mucosal immune system and delineate strategies to design effective oral mucosal vaccines with an emphasis on mucosal vaccine adjuvants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.