Effect of food restriction on cocaine locomotor sensitization in Sprague-Dawley rats: role of kappa opioid receptors.

rationaleThe interaction between repeated cocaine exposure and food restriction on sensitization to the stimulatory effects of cocaine has not been characterized.

objectivesTo compare cocaine sensitization in rats free fed and food restricted, and begin to explore the role of the stress-responsive dynorphin/kappa opioid system.

methodsMale rats were maintained for 10 days on two feeding conditions: free fed or food restricted (85 % of free fed weight). Test 1 of locomotor reactivity to cocaine (3, 9, or 15 mg/kg, IP) was followed by a sensitizing regimen of cocaine exposure (0 or 30 mg/kg/day × 5 days, IP), by a 10-day drug-free period, and by Test 2 of reactivity to the same cocaine dose. In a second experiment, rats received an injection of norbinaltorphimine (nor-BNI; 0, 5 or 20 mg/kg, SC) 10 days prior to each locomotion test, and plasma corticosterone (CORT) was assessed after Test 2.

resultsOn Test 1, it was found that food restriction enhanced locomotor responses to all doses of cocaine. On Test 2, it was found that free fed and food restricted animals displayed similar sensitized responses to cocaine. This, however, was not observed in nor-BNI-treated rats. Furthermore, 20 mg/kg nor-BNI reduced both the locomotor response to cocaine on Test 2 and the effect of cocaine and food restriction on CORT plasma levels.

conclusionsThese results indicate that the interaction between cocaine sensitization and food restriction is not synergistic, and that it involves activation of kappa-opioid receptors.