ArticleISRN endocrinology2012
Insulin therapy and cancer in type 2 diabetes.
Article in ISRN endocrinology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early insulin combined with metformin therapy and long-term risks of cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and cancer in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a real-world cohort study in China.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Elevated HbA1c Levels Are Associated with a Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors, DPP-4 Inhibitors, and Metformin in Pancreatic Cancer Prevention.Cancers · 2024Review
- Cancer and diabetes: the interlinking metabolic pathways and repurposing actions of antidiabetic drugs.Cancer cell international · 2021Review
- Targeting β-cell dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation: opportunities and challenges.Endocrine connections · 2021Review
- Pancreatic β-cell heterogeneity in health and diabetes: classes, sources, and subtypes.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Review
- β-Cell Maturation and Identity in Health and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Anti-Diabetic Drugs: Cure or Risk Factors for Cancer?Pathology oncology research : POR · 2018Review
- Association of diabetes and diabetes treatment with incidence of breast cancer.Acta diabetologica · 2016Article
- Association of diabetes and cancer mortality in American Indians: the Strong Heart Study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2015Article
- Agonistic aptamer to the insulin receptor leads to biased signaling and functional selectivity through allosteric modulation.Nucleic acids research · 2015Article
- Baseline hemoglobin-A1c impacts clinical outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer.Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN · 2014Article
- New insights into pancreatic cancer-induced paraneoplastic diabetes.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the availability of many other agents, insulin is widely used as a treatment for type 2 diabetes. In vitro, insulin stimulates the growth of cancer cells, through the interaction with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptors and its own receptors. In observational surveys on type 2 diabetes, insulin therapy is associated with an increased incidence of several forms of cancer, although it is difficult to discriminate the effect of confounders from that of insulin itself. Randomized trials do not confirm the increased risk associated with insulin therapy, although they do not allow to rule out some negative effects on specific forms of cancer, at least at higher doses. Among insulin analogues, glargine has a higher affinity for the IGF-1 receptor and a greater mitogenic potency in vitro than human insulin, but it is extensively metabolized in vitro to products with low IGF-1 receptor affinity. Overall, epidemiological studies suggest a possible increase of risk with glargine, with respect to human insulin, only at high doses and for some forms of cancer (i.e., breast). Data from clinical trials do not confirm, but are still insufficient to totally exclude, such increased risk. However, beneficial effects of insulin outweigh potential cancer risks.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.