ArticlePloS one2012
Anti-gluten immune response following Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in abnormal gluten response and predictors of gluten sensitivity in patients with schizophrenia.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Inflammation in Mental Disorders: Is the Microbiota the Missing Link?Neuroscience bulletin · 2020Review
- Autoimmune phenotypes in schizophrenia reveal novel treatment targets.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2018Review
- Assessment of Complement Cascade Components in Patients With Bipolar Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2018Article
- Pathogen-mediated NMDA receptor autoimmunity and cellular barrier dysfunction in schizophrenia.Translational psychiatry · 2017Article
- The Role of the Microbiota in Shaping Infectious Immunity.Trends in immunology · 2016Review
- Autoimmune diseases, gastrointestinal disorders and the microbiome in schizophrenia: more than a gut feeling.Schizophrenia research · 2016Review
- Role of Immune and Autoimmune Dysfunction in Schizophrenia.Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · 2016Article
- Gastroenterology issues in schizophrenia: why the gut matters.Current psychiatry reports · 2015Review
- Maternal complement C1q and increased odds for psychosis in adult offspring.Schizophrenia research · 2014Article
- Celiac and non-celiac gluten sensitivity: a review on the association with schizophrenia and mood disorders.Auto- immunity highlights · 2014Review
- First report of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in pet parrots in China.Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2014Article
- Discordant patterns of bacterial translocation markers and implications for innate immune imbalances in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2013Article
- Effector and memory T cell responses to commensal bacteria.Trends in immunology · 2013Review
- Gluten- and casein-free dietary intervention for autism spectrum conditions.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Gluten sensitivity may affect disease pathogenesis in a subset of individuals who have schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or autism. Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii is a known risk factor for the development of schizophrenia, presumably through a direct pathological effect of the parasite on brain and behavior. A co-association of antibodies to wheat gluten and to T. gondii in individuals with schizophrenia was recently uncovered, suggesting a coordinated gastrointestinal means by which T. gondii and dietary gluten might generate an immune response. Here, we evaluated the connection between these infectious- and food-based antigens in mouse models. BALB/c mice receiving a standard wheat-based rodent chow were infected with T. gondii via intraperitoneal, peroral and prenatal exposure methods. Significant increases in the levels of anti-gluten IgG were documented in all infected mice and in offspring from chronically infected dams compared to uninfected controls (repetitive measures ANOVAs, two-tailed t-tests, all p≤0.00001). Activation of the complement system accompanied this immune response (p≤0.002-0.00001). Perorally-infected females showed higher levels of anti-gluten IgG than males (p≤0.009) indicating that T. gondii-generated gastrointestinal infection led to a significant anti-gluten immune response in a sex-dependent manner. These findings support a gastrointestinal basis by which two risk factors for schizophrenia, T. gondii infection and sensitivity to dietary gluten, might be connected to produce the immune activation that is becoming an increasingly recognized pathology of psychiatric disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.