ArticlePloS one2012
GB virus C infection is associated with altered lymphocyte subset distribution and reduced T cell activation and proliferation in HIV-infected individuals.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Pegivirus Infection and Lymphoma Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Pooled it
- Downregulation of Cytokines and Chemokines by GB Virus C After Transmission Via Blood Transfusion in HIV-Positive Blood Recipients.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Trial
- Identification and geographic evolutionary analysis of human pegivirus infection based on metatranscriptomic sequencing.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Characterization of Serotype-Specific Dengue Virus T-Cell Inhibition.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Frequency and Genotype Diversity of Human Pegiviruses (HPgV) in People Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Human Pegivirus Coinfected Individuals Display Functional Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells and Follicular T Cells Irrespective of PD-1 Expression.Viral immunology · 2024Article
- Characterization of "Off-Target" Immune Modulation Induced by Live Attenuated Yellow Fever Vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Longitudinal Detection of Twenty DNA and RNA Viruses in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients Plasma.Viruses · 2023Observational
- Human Pegivirus Type 1: A Common Human Virus That Is Beneficial in Immune-Mediated Disease?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Human pegivirus-1 replication influences NK cell reconstitution after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- Human pegivirus (HPgV, GBV-C) RNA in volunteer blood donors from a public hemotherapy service in Northern Brazil.Virology journal · 2020Article
- Human Hepegivirus-1: Innocent Traveler, Helpful Symbiote, or Insidious Pathogen?Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Molecular and Clinical Profiles of Human Pegivirus Type 1 Infection in Individuals Living with HIV-1 in the Extreme South of Brazil.BioMed research international · 2019Article
- Human Pegivirus infection and lymphoma risk and prognosis: a North American study.British journal of haematology · 2018Article
- Yellow Fever Virus, but Not Zika Virus or Dengue Virus, Inhibits T-Cell Receptor-Mediated T-Cell Function by an RNA-Based Mechanism.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Pegivirus avoids immune recognition but does not attenuate acute-phase disease in a macaque model of HIV infection.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Protective Microbiota: From Localized to Long-Reaching Co-Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Human Pegivirus (HPgV; formerly known as GBV-C) inhibits IL-12 dependent natural killer cell function.Virology · 2015Article
- Tropism of human pegivirus (formerly known as GB virus C/hepatitis G virus) and host immunomodulation: insights into a highly successful viral infection.The Journal of general virology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
GBV-C infection is associated with prolonged survival and with reduced T cell activation in HIV-infected subjects not receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The relationship between GBV-C and T cell activation in HIV-infected subjects was examined. HIV-infected subjects on cART with non-detectable HIV viral load (VL) or cART naïve subjects were studied. GBV-C VL and HIV VL were determined. Cell surface markers of activation (CD38(+)/HLA-DR(+)), proliferation (Ki-67+), and HIV entry co-receptor expression (CCR5+ and CXCR4+) on total CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and on naïve, central memory (CM), effector memory (EM), and effector CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations were measured by flow cytometry. In subjects with suppressed HIV VL, GBV-C was consistently associated with reduced activation in naïve, CM, EM, and effector CD4+ cells. GBV-C was associated with reduced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell surface expression of activation and proliferation markers, independent of HIV VL classification. GBV-C was also associated with higher proportions of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and with lower proportions of EM CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, GBV-C infection was associated with reduced activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in both HIV viremic and HIV RNA suppressed patients. Those with GBV-C infection demonstrated an increased proportion of naive T cells and a reduction in T cell activation and proliferation independent of HIV VL classification, including those with suppressed HIV VL on cART. Since HIV pathogenesis is thought to be accelerated by T cell activation, these results may contribute to prolonged survival among HIV infected individuals co-infected with GBV-C. Furthermore, since cART therapy does not reduce T cell activation to levels seen in HIV-uninfected people, GBV-C infection may be beneficial for HIV-related diseases in those effectively treated with anti-HIV therapy.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.