ArticlePloS one2012
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) protects oligodendrocyte and promotes hindlimb functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy and safety of four immunomodulatory agents for acute spinal cord injury: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- An updated systematic review of neuroprotective agents in the treatment of spinal cord injury.Neurosurgical review · 2024Pooled it
- The Pathophysiology of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy and the Physiology of Recovery Following Decompression.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Randomized trial of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for spinal cord injury.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2021Trial
- Neuroprotective therapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in acute spinal cord injury: a comparison with high-dose methylprednisolone as a historical control.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2015Trial
- Formoterol alters chemokine expression and ameliorates pain behaviors after moderate spinal cord injury in female mice.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Bridging the gap: a translational perspective in spinal cord injury.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor promotes regeneration of severed facial nerve in rats.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Improves Neurological and Functional Outcomes in Patients With Traumatic Incomplete Spinal Cord Injuries: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses.Neurotrauma reports · 2024Article
- Effect of multifactorial therapeutic approach on axonal regeneration and cell viability in an in-vitro model of spinal-derived neural injury.Cell and tissue banking · 2023Article
- Article
- Clinical Trials Targeting Secondary Damage after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor effects on neurological and motor function in animals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Neurogenic marker expression in differentiating human adipose derived adult mesenchymal stem cells.Stem cell investigation · 2023Article
- Inflammation after spinal cord injury: a review of the critical timeline of signaling cues and cellular infiltration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Cytokines in Demyelinating Lesions After Stroke.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2021Review
- Review
- Ultrarapid Inflammation of the Olfactory Bulb After Spinal Cord Injury: Protective Effects of the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on Early Neurodegeneration in the Brain.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
- Expression of recombinant G-CSF receptor domains and their inhibitory role on G-CSF function.Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2020Article
- pHERV-W envelope protein fuels microglial cell-dependent damage of myelinated axons in multiple sclerosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGranulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a protein that stimulates differentiation, proliferation, and survival of cells in the granulocytic lineage. Recently, a neuroprotective effect of G-CSF was reported in a model of cerebral infarction and we previously reported the same effect in studies of murine spinal cord injury (SCI). The aim of the present study was to elucidate the potential therapeutic effect of G-CSF for SCI in rats.
methodsAdult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the present study. Contusive SCI was introduced using the Infinite Horizon Impactor (magnitude: 200 kilodyne). Recombinant human G-CSF (15.0 µg/kg) was administered by tail vein injection at 1 h after surgery and daily the next four days. The vehicle control rats received equal volumes of normal saline at the same time points.
resultsUsing a contusive SCI model to examine the neuroprotective potential of G-CSF, we found that G-CSF suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1 beta and TNF- alpha) in mRNA and protein levels. Histological assessment with luxol fast blue staining revealed that the area of white matter spared in the injured spinal cord was significantly larger in G-CSF-treated rats. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that G-CSF promoted up-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-Xl on oligpodendrocytes and suppressed apoptosis of oligodendrocytes after SCI. Moreover, administration of G-CSF promoted better functional recovery of hind limbs.
conclusionsG-CSF protects oligodendrocyte from SCI-induced cell death via the suppression of inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein. As a result, G-CSF attenuates white matter loss and promotes hindlimb functional recovery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.