ArticleSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2013
The relationship between cephalometric carotid artery calcification and Framingham Risk Score profile in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Article in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of Intracranial and Extracranial Carotid Artery Calcifications between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients and Healthy Individuals: A Combined Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Polysomnographic Study.Radiology research and practice · 2022Article
- Carotid Arterial Calcium Scoring Using Upper Airway Computed Tomography in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Efficacy as a Clinical Predictor of Cerebrocardiovascular Disease.Korean journal of radiology · 2019Article
- Atherosclerotic Calcification: Wnt Is the Hint.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe morbidity rate of arteriosclerosis becomes clinically manifested as acute cardiovascular events. In the progress of atherosclerosis, the carotid artery calcifies and sometimes appears as a calcified mass on a cephalometric radiograph. This study was designed to evaluate cardiovascular risks according to the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) between subjects with and without visible carotid artery calcification on a cephalogram.
methodsSubjects diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were divided into two groups according to whether or not calcification was visible on a cephalometric radiograph in the carotid artery area, and the characteristic differences between the two groups were analyzed. The evaluated variables included age, BMI, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), SpO2, ESS, blood pressure, medication history, diabetes mellitus (DM), drinking, smoking, and lipid-related measurements. FRSs for stroke, general cardiovascular disease (GCD), and coronary heart disease (CHD) were calculated. Statistical analyses were performed (SPSS 18.0) with significance defined as a two-tailed p value less than 0.05.
resultsA total of 811 subjects completed the data collection (727 males, age 53.0 ± 12.5 years, AHI 31.7 ± 22.6, times/h). From FRSs, probabilities of a GCD, stroke, and CHD within 10 years were 16.0 ± 9.7, 9.8 ± 6.7, and 11.9 ± 8.3 %, respectively. Some 84 subjects exhibited calcification in the carotid arterial area. Calcification subjects were higher GCD risk and older than subjects who had no identified calcification (20.3 ± 10.1 vs 15.6 ± 20.3 %, p = 0.013, 58.8 ± 11.4 vs. 52.3 ± 12.5 years, p < 0.001). Although there is no significant difference in OSA-related variables and FRSs, subjects with visible calcifications have higher prevalence of high blood pressure medication and DM (p < 0.01).
conclusionWhile the presence of a calcified mass on a cephalometric radiograph is not diagnostic of atherosclerosis, this information indicates some cardiovascular risk.
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