ArticleArthritis research & therapy2012
Interleukin-6 is elevated in synovial fluid of patients with focal cartilage defects and stimulates cartilage matrix production in an in vitro regeneration model.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Countries:Saudi medical journal · 2026Pooled it
- Osteoarthritis: molecular pathogenesis and potential therapeutic options.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Synovial Fluid and Serum Inflammation Biomarkers After Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC) for Knee Chondral Defects.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Alpha2EQ downregulates proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine gene expression in cultured synovial fibroblasts.American journal of veterinary research · 2026Article
- Growth/Differentiation Factor 15 Promotes a Pro-Regenerative Response in Chondrocytes Upon Cartilage Injury.MedComm · 2025Article
- Genetics of morphological hip abnormalities and their implications for osteoarthritis: a scoping review.Journal of hip preservation surgery · 2025Review
- Adipose-derived leptin and complement factor D mediate osteoarthritis severity and pain.Science advances · 2025Article
- The Role of Exerkines in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: From Mechanisms to Exercise Strategies.Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Review
- Matrikine stimulation of equine synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes results in an in vitro osteoarthritis phenotype.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2025Article
- Assessment of WOMAC index for knee osteoarthritis and its association with serum vitamin - D and serum cytokine profile.Bioinformation · 2025Article
- The relationship between visceral adipose tissue and osteoarthritis among older adults: evidence from the NHANES 1999-2018.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Differential modulation of inflammatory cytokines by recombinant IL-10 in IL-1β and TNF-α ̶ stimulated equine chondrocytes and synoviocytes: impact of washing and timing on cytokine responses.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Hyaluronic Acid Hampers the Inflammatory Response Elicited by Extracellular Vesicles from Activated Monocytes in Human Chondrocytes.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- A bioactive supramolecular and covalent polymer scaffold for cartilage repair in a sheep model.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Distinct patterns of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in synovial fluid after ACL injury in comparison to osteoarthritis.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2024Article
- Mechanical Stress Induces Sodium Entry and Osmoprotective Responses in Murine Synovial Fibroblasts.Cells · 2024Article
- Upconverting-photon quenching-mediated perforation influx as an intracellular delivery method using posAuNP@UCNPs nanocomposites for osteoarthritis treatment.Nano convergence · 2024Article
- Terminal complement complex deposition on chondrocytes promotes premature senescence in age- and trauma-related osteoarthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Mild Synovitis Impairs Chondrogenic Joint Environment.Cells, tissues, organs · 2024Article
- From Inflammation to Resolution: Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators in Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis.Current osteoporosis reports · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThis study aimed to determine whether, as in osteoarthritis, increased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) are present in the synovial fluid of patients with symptomatic cartilage defects and whether this IL-6 affects cartilage regeneration as well as the cartilage in the degenerated knee.
methodsIL-6 concentrations were determined by ELISA in synovial fluid and in conditioned media of chondrocytes regenerating cartilage. Chondrocytes were obtained from donors with symptomatic cartilage defects, healthy and osteoarthritic donors. The effect of IL-6 on cartilage regeneration and on metabolism of the resident cartilage in the knee was studied by both inhibition of endogenous IL-6 and addition of IL-6, in a regeneration model and in osteoarthritic explants in the presence of synovial fluid, respectively. Readout parameters were DNA and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and release. Differences between controls and IL-6 blocked or supplemented samples were determined by univariate analysis of variance using a randomized block design.
resultsSynovial fluid of patients with symptomatic cartilage defects contained more IL-6 than synovial fluid of healthy donors (P = 0.001) and did not differ from osteoarthritic donors. IL-6 production of osteoarthritic chondrocytes during cartilage regeneration was higher than that of healthy and defect chondrocytes (P < 0.001). Adding IL-6 increased GAG production by healthy chondrocytes and decreased GAG release by osteoarthritic chondrocytes (P < 0.05). Inhibition of IL-6 present in osteoarthritic synovial fluid showed a trend towards decreased GAG content of the explants (P = 0.06).
conclusionsOur results support a modest anabolic role for IL-6 in cartilage matrix production. Targeting multiple cytokines, including IL-6, may be effective in improving cartilage repair in symptomatic cartilage defects and osteoarthritis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.