Trial reportExperimental and clinical psychopharmacology2013
Employment-based reinforcement of adherence to oral naltrexone treatment in unemployed injection drug users.
Trial report in Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00149669 (Employment-Based Addiction Pharmacotherapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Employment-Based Addiction Pharmacotherapy
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- A call to action: Contingency management to improve post-release treatment engagement among people with opioid use disorder who are incarcerated.Preventive medicine · 2023Pooled it
- A review of the literature on contingency management in the treatment of substance use disorders, 2009-2014.Preventive medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Retention in medication-assisted treatment for opiate dependence: A systematic review.Journal of addictive diseases · 2016Pooled it
- A Systematic Review on the Use of Psychosocial Interventions in Conjunction With Medications for the Treatment of Opioid Addiction.Journal of addiction medicinePooled it
- The effects of extended-release injectable naltrexone and incentives for opiate abstinence in heroin-dependent adults in a model therapeutic workplace: A randomized trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- A Randomized Trial Comparing Extended-Release Injectable Suspension and Oral Naltrexone, Both Combined With Behavioral Therapy, for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder.The American journal of psychiatry · 2019Trial
- Predictors of induction onto extended-release naltrexone among unemployed heroin-dependent adults.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2018Trial
- Employment-based reinforcement of adherence to oral naltrexone in unemployed injection drug users: 12-month outcomes.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2015Trial
- The therapeutic workplace to promote treatment engagement and drug abstinence in out-of-treatment injection drug users: a randomized controlled trial.Preventive medicine · 2014Trial
- Employment-based abstinence reinforcement following inpatient detoxification in HIV-positive opioid and/or cocaine-dependent patients.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2014Trial
- Employment-based abstinence reinforcement promotes opiate and cocaine abstinence in out-of-treatment injection drug users.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2014Trial
- Effects of acute oral naltrexone on the subjective and physiological effects of oral D-amphetamine and smoked cocaine in cocaine abusers.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Recovery support services as part of the continuum of care for alcohol or drug use disorders.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Contingency Management for Drug Use Disorders: Meta-Analysis and Application of Tolin's Criteria.Clinical psychology : a publication of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association · 2024Article
- Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of a Smartphone-Based Contingency Management Intervention for Buprenorphine Adherence.Behavior analysis in practice · 2023Article
- Peer recovery specialist-delivered, behavioral activation intervention to improve retention in methadone treatment: Results from an open-label, Type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation pilot trial.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Article
- Monitoring and Improving Naltrexone Adherence in Patients with Substance Use Disorder.Patient preference and adherence · 2021Review
- Opioid use disorder.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2020Review
- The Utility of Operant Conditioning to Address Poverty and Drug Addiction.Perspectives on behavior science · 2019Article
- Behavior analysts in the war on poverty: Developing an operant antipoverty program.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Oral naltrexone has high potential for use as a relapse prevention pharmacotherapy for opiate dependence yet suffers from notoriously poor adherence. This study evaluated whether entry to a therapeutic workplace could reinforce adherence with oral naltrexone. Opiate-dependent and cocaine-using injection drug users were detoxified, inducted onto oral naltrexone, and randomly assigned to a contingency (n = 35) or prescription (n = 32) group for a 26-week period. Contingency participants were required to ingest naltrexone under staff observation to gain access to the therapeutic workplace. Prescription participants received a take-home supply of naltrexone and could access the workplace independent of naltrexone ingestion. Primary outcome measures were percent of urine samples positive for naltrexone at 30-day assessments and negative for opiates and cocaine at 30-day assessments. Contingency participants provided significantly more urine samples that were positive for naltrexone compared with prescription participants (72% vs. 21%, p < .01); however, no effect of experimental group was observed on percent opiate-negative (71% vs. 60%, p = .19.) or cocaine-negative (56% vs. 53%, p = .82) samples in the contingency and prescription groups, respectively. Opiate-positive samples were significantly more likely to occur in conjunction with cocaine (p < .001) and when not protected by naltrexone (p < .02), independent of experimental group. Overall, these results show that contingent access to a therapeutic workplace significantly promoted adherence to oral naltrexone, and that the majority of opiate use occurred in conjunction with cocaine use, suggesting that untreated cocaine use may limit the effectiveness of oral naltrexone in promoting opiate abstinence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.