ArticleSleep2012
Sex differences in white matter alterations accompanying obstructive sleep apnea.
Article in Sleep, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06322212 (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Blood Brain Barrier Improvement - A Randomized Clinical Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 56 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Blood Brain Barrier Improvement - A Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reduced cerebral blood flow in obstructive sleep apnea: A meta-analysis of SPECT and MRI studies.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of cognitive impairment among adults with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Pooled it
- Association between obstructive sleep apnea and health-related quality of life in untreated adults: a systematic review.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2021Pooled it
- Quantitative and morphological analyses reveal microglia-specific neuroinflammation in brain regions linked to cognitive function in ovariectomized and chronic intermittent hypoxia-exposed female rats.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Targeted TGF-βR2 Silencing in the Retrotrapezoid Nucleus Mitigates Respiratory Dysfunction and Cognitive Decline in a Mouse Model of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy with and without Stroke.Translational stroke research · 2025Article
- Impact of sleep apnea on alzheimer's disease in relation to sex: an 8-year longitudinal follow-up study of a nationwide cohort.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Sex differences in sleep apnea and Alzheimer's Disease: role of cerebrovascular dysfunction.npj women's health · 2025Review
- The association between small vessel disease and obstructive sleep apnea: a peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity-based study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2024Article
- Sex differences in gray matter, white matter, and regional brain perfusion in young, healthy adults.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2024Article
- Cerebrovascular pathology mediates associations between hypoxemia during rapid eye movement sleep and medial temporal lobe structure and function in older adults.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Correlation between obstructive sleep apnea and cerebral small vessel disease: a mendelian randomization study.Genes & genomics · 2023Article
- Sleep quality and sleep duration predict brain microstructure among community-dwelling older adults.Neurobiology of aging · 2023Article
- Summary of drug therapy to treat cognitive impairment-induced obstructive sleep apnea.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Cortical thinning in male obstructive sleep apnoea patients with excessive daytime sleepiness.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- The complex interplay of hypoxia and sleep disturbance in gray matter structure alterations in obstructive sleep apnea patients.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With White Matter Integrity and Cognitive Performance Over a 4-Year Period in Middle to Late Adulthood.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Neural correlates of sleep quality in children: Sex-specific associations shown by brain diffusion tractography.Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging · 2022Article
- Sympathetic neural responses to sleep disorders and insufficiencies.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2022Review
- Breathing rate variability in obstructive sleep apnea during wakefulness.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Article
- Abnormal Cerebral Blood Flow and Volumetric Brain Morphometry in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesFemales with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) show different psychological and physiological symptoms from males, which may be associated with sex-related variations in neural injury occurring with the disorder. To determine whether male- or female-specific brain injury is present in OSA, we assessed influences of sex on white matter changes in the condition.
designTwo-group factorial.
settingUniversity medical center. PATIENTS OR
participants80 subjects total, with newly diagnosed, untreated OSA groups of 10 female (age mean ± SE: 52.6 ± 2.4 years, AHI 22.5 ± 4.1 events/h) and 20 male (age 48.9 ± 1.7, AHI 25.5 ± 2.9) patients, and 20 female (age 50.3 ± 1.7) and 30 male (age 49.2 ± 1.4) healthy control subjects.
interventionsNone. MEASUREMENTS AND
resultsBrain fiber integrity was assessed with fractional anisotropy (FA), a diffusion tensor imaging-derived measure. Sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, depression, and anxiety were assessed with questionnaires. We identified regions of differing injury in male versus female OSA patients by assessing brain regions with significant interaction effects of OSA and sex on FA. Areas of sex-specific, OSA-related FA reductions appeared in females relative to males, including in the bilateral cingulum bundle adjacent to the mid hippocampus, right stria terminalis near the amygdala, prefrontal and posterior-parietal white matter, corpus callosum, and left superior cerebellar peduncle. Females with OSA showed higher daytime sleepiness, anxiety and depression levels, and reduced sleep quality.
conclusionsSex differences in white matter structural integrity appeared in OSA patients, with females more affected than males. These female-specific structural changes may contribute to or derive from neuropsychological and physiological symptom differences between sexes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.