Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23203603›Full record

ArticleArthritis and rheumatism2013

Epidemiology and sociodemographics of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis among US adults with Medicaid coverage, 2000-2004.

Candace H Feldman, Linda T Hiraki, Jun Liu, Michael A Fischer, Daniel H Solomon, Graciela S Alarcón, Wolfgang C Winkelmayer, Karen H Costenbader

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Arthritis and rheumatism, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 242 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
242citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
13.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

242 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 473 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. What's New in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Guidelines, Biologics, and Beyond.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2026
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182 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Candace H FeldmanBrigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. chfeldman@partners.org
Linda T Hiraki
Jun Liu
Michael A Fischer
Daniel H Solomon
Graciela S Alarcón
Wolfgang C Winkelmayer
Karen H Costenbader
Brigham and Women's Hospital · USStanford University · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · US

Funding

Sociodemographic Disparities in SLE Incidence: Behavioral and Psychosocial FactorsR01AR057327 · NIAMS · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI COSTENBADER, KAREN H · 2009 to 2019
$6.2M
Training in Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Clinical ResearchT32AR055885 · NIAMS · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI KATZ, JEFFREY NEIL, LOSINA, ELENA · 2008 to 2023
$4.0M
Patient Centered Outcomes Research in RheumatologyK24AR055989 · NIAMS · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI SOLOMON, DANIEL HAL · 2008 to 2017
$1.5M
NIAMS NIH HHS K24 AR055989NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR057327NIAMS NIH HHS R01-AR-057327NIAMS NIH HHS T32 AR055885NIAMS NIH HHS T32-AR-055885
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN) disproportionately affect individuals who are members of racial/ethnic minority groups and individuals of lower socioeconomic status (SES). This study was undertaken to investigate the epidemiology and sociodemographics of SLE and LN in the low-income US Medicaid population.

methodsWe utilized Medicaid Analytic eXtract data, with billing claims from 47 states and Washington, DC, for 23.9 million individuals ages 18-65 years who were enrolled in Medicaid for >3 months in 2000-2004. Individuals with SLE (≥3 visits >30 days apart with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD-9] code of 710.0) and with LN (≥2 visits with an ICD-9 code for glomerulonephritis, proteinuria, or renal failure) were identified. We calculated SLE and LN prevalence and incidence, stratified by sociodemographic category, and adjusted for number of American College of Rheumatology (ACR) member rheumatologists in the state and SES using a validated composite of US Census variables.

resultsWe identified 34,339 individuals with SLE (prevalence 143.7 per 100,000) and 7,388 (21.5%) with LN (prevalence 30.9 per 100,000). SLE prevalence was 6 times higher among women, nearly double in African American compared to white women, and highest in the US South. LN prevalence was higher among all racial/ethnic minority groups compared to whites. The areas with lowest SES had the highest prevalence; areas with the fewest ACR rheumatologists had the lowest prevalence. SLE incidence was 23.2 per 100,000 person-years and LN incidence was 6.9 per 100,000 person-years, with similar sociodemographic trends.

conclusionIn this nationwide Medicaid population, there was sociodemographic variation in SLE and LN prevalence and incidence. Understanding the increased burden of SLE and its complications in this low-income population has implications for resource allocation and access to subspecialty care.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAge DistributionBlack or African AmericanFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansIncidenceIndians, North AmericanLupus Erythematosus, SystemicLupus NephritisMaleMedicaidMiddle AgedMinority Groups

Identifiers

PMID23203603
PMCPMC3733212
OpenAlexW1972063433

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.