ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2012
Relation between pro-inflammatory cytokines and acetylcholine levels in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Dysregulated Cholinergic Signaling Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Maturation Following Demyelination.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Proteomic Signature and mRNA Expression in Hippocampus of SAMP8 and SAMR1 Mice during Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Neuroprotective Effect of NEUROMIDE, a Compound Bioidentical to Commensal Bacteria Metabolites.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Medicinal herbs and multiple sclerosis: Overview on the hard balance between new therapeutic strategy and occupational health risk.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Anti-inflammatory Therapy by Cholinergic and Purinergic Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Review
- Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Role of Acetylcholinesterase in their Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Targeting the gut to treat multiple sclerosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Review
- Neuroimmunomodulation by gut bacteria: Focus on inflammatory bowel diseases.World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology · 2021Review
- Cholinergic Modulation of Neuroinflammation: Focus on α7 Nicotinic Receptor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Suppression of neuroinflammation by an allosteric agonist and positive allosteric modulator of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor GAT107.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Cholinergic Modulation of the Immune System in Neuroinflammatory Diseases.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Imaging Butyrylcholinesterase in Multiple Sclerosis.Molecular imaging and biology · 2021Article
- Cholinergic System and Its Therapeutic Importance in Inflammation and Autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Cytokine Imbalance in Schizophrenia. From Research to Clinic: Potential Implications for Treatment.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorder. Since acetylcholine (ACh) is known to participate in the inflammatory response, we investigated the possible relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and acetylcholine levels in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) patients. Levels of ACh and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1-β and IL-17 were measured both in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sera of 22 RR-MS patients in the relapsing phase and in 17 control subjects affected by other non-neurological diseases (OND). We observed higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-17 in both CSF and serum of RR-MS patients compared to control subjects. Moreover, ACh levels were lower in CSF and serum of RR-MS patients compared to levels of control subjects. Although the relationship between high inflammatory cytokine levels and low ACh levels need to be further investigated in the future, our data suggest that IL-1β, and cytokines induced by it, such as IL-17 and ACh, may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.