ReviewToxins2012
Immune dysfunction in uremia—an update.
Review in Toxins, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 85 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination in ESRD Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis vs. Hemodiafiltration
Efficacy of Different Doses of Influenza Vaccine in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial (Enhance Study)
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 180 citations in OpenAlex.
- A comprehensive review of infection risks and management in hemodialysis access sites.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026Pooled it
- Hepatitis B virus vaccine immune response and mortality in dialysis patients: a meta-analysis.Journal of nephrology · 2020Pooled it
- Immune response to influenza vaccination in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis vs. hemodiafiltration.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Malnutrition in Maintenance Dialysis: From Metabolic Disorder to Multisystem Complications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Rapid Molecular Diagnostics for Bloodstream Infection in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bridging Dentistry and Nephrology in CKD: Evidence, Feasibility, and Equity Considerations.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Dialyzer characteristics are associated with differential effects on intradialytic microvascular tissue perfusion.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Development and validation of an interpretable machine learning model for predicting multidrug-resistant infections in ICU patients.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Shapiro Decision Rule, Systemic Inflammatory Response Index, and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index as Rapid Predictors of Bacteremia in Emergency Department Patients.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Neutrophils in Kidney Disease: Linking Neutrophil Function and Microenvironment to Therapeutic Targets.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Association of different serum creatinine trajectories with 28-day mortality in patients with acute kidney injury on chronic kidney disease: based on the MIMIC-IV database.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Lower absolute numbers of CD4Renal failure · 2025Article
- Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in end-stage renal disease patients: a case series study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Predictors of 30-day mortality in major lower limb amputations: insights from a five-year retrospective study in a South Asian LMIC.BMC surgery · 2025Article
- Lessons for the clinical nephrologist: a rare presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a hemodialysis patient.Journal of nephrology · 2025Article
- Association of Ankle-Brachial Index with Quality of Life and Survival Outcomes in Hemodialysis Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Salivary microbiome in peritoneal dialysis patients with and without sarcopenia: A pilot study.PloS one · 2025Article
- The Oral Health Condition of Patients on Hemodialysis at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Eastern Nepal.International journal of dentistry · 2024Article
- Profiling oxidative stress markers and cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease patients supplemented with vitamin E.Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases · 2024Article
- Leukopenia in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a single-center cohort of kidney transplant candidates with post-transplantation follow-up.Clinical kidney journal · 2023Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Kidney dysfunction leads to disturbed renal metabolic activities and to impaired glomerular filtration, resulting in the retention of toxic solutes affecting all organs of the body. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and infections are the main causes for the increased occurrence of morbidity and mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both complications are directly or indirectly linked to a compromised immune defense. The specific coordinated roles of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs), monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in maintaining an efficient immune response are affected. Their normal response can be impaired, giving rise to infectious diseases or pre-activated/primed, leading to inflammation and consequently to CVD. Whereas the coordinated removal via apoptosis of activated immune cells is crucial for the resolution of inflammation, inappropriately high apoptotic rates lead to a diminished immune response. In uremia, the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory and between pro- and anti-apoptotic factors is disturbed. This review summarizes the interrelated parameters interfering with the immune response in uremia, with a special focus on the non-specific immune response and the role of uremic toxins.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.