ArticleHuman molecular genetics2013
MicroRNA-21 silencing enhances the cytotoxic effect of the antiangiogenic drug sunitinib in glioblastoma.
Article in Human molecular genetics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeted delivery of small noncoding RNA for glioblastoma.Cancer letters · 2021Pooled it
- Multivalent peptides for blood-brain barrier translocation, cell penetration and microRNA-21 inhibition in glioblastoma.RSC chemical biology · 2026Article
- MiR-124 and MiR-155 as Therapeutic Targets in Microglia-Mediated Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Brain-targeted drug delivery - nanovesicles directed to specific brain cells by brain-targeting ligands.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Engineered smart materials for RNA based molecular therapy to treat Glioblastoma.Bioactive materials · 2024Article
- The Significant Role of microRNAs in Gliomas Angiogenesis: A Particular Focus on Molecular Mechanisms and Opportunities for Clinical Application.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Exosome and epithelial-mesenchymal transition: A complex secret of cancer progression.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Role of exosomal non-coding RNAs from tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2022Review
- Nanotherapeutic treatment of the invasive glioblastoma tumor microenvironment.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
- Article
- Exosomal noncoding RNAs: key players in glioblastoma drug resistance.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2021Review
- Article
- Noncoding RNAs in Glioblastoma: Emerging Biological Concepts and Potential Therapeutic Implications.Cancers · 2021Review
- Mechanisms of temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma - a comprehensive review.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2021Article
- Lauroylated Histidine-Enriched S4Pharmaceutical research · 2020Article
- Emerging Roles and Potential Applications of Non-Coding RNAs in Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Review
- The Roles of miRNA in Glioblastoma Tumor Cell Communication: Diplomatic and Aggressive Negotiations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Micro RNA Molecules as Modulators of Treatment Resistance, Immune Checkpoints Controllers and Sensitive Biomarkers in Glioblastoma Multiforme.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Sirtuin 1 knockdown inhibits glioma cell proliferation and potentiates temozolomide toxicity via facilitation of reactive oxygen species generation.Oncology letters · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Highly malignant glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by high genetic heterogeneity and infiltrative brain invasion patterns, and aberrant miRNA expression has been associated with hallmark malignant properties of GBM. The lack of effective GBM treatment options prompted us to investigate whether miRNAs would constitute promising therapeutic targets toward the generation of a gene therapy approach with clinical significance for this disease. Here, we show that microRNA-21 (miR-21) is upregulated and microRNA-128 (miR-128) is downregulated in mouse and human GBM samples, a finding that is corroborated by analysis of a large set of human GBM data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Moreover, we demonstrate that oligonucleotide-mediated miR-21 silencing in U87 human GBM cells resulted in increased levels of the tumor suppressors PTEN and PDCD4, caspase 3/7 activation and decreased tumor cell proliferation. Cell exposure to pifithrin, an inhibitor of p53 transcriptional activity, reduced the caspase activity associated with decreased miR-21 expression. Finally, we demonstrate for the first time that miR-21 silencing enhances the antitumoral effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib, whereas no therapeutic benefit is observed when coupling miR-21 silencing with the first-line drug temozolomide. Overall, our results provide evidence that miR-21 is uniformly overexpressed in GBM and constitutes a highly promising target for multimodal therapeutic approaches toward GBM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.