ArticleClinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association2013
Association between sex hormones and colorectal cancer risk in men and women.
Article in Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 179 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating Sex Hormone Levels and Colon Cancer Risk in Men: A Nested Case-Control Study and Meta-Analysis.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Endogenous Circulating Sex Hormone Concentrations and Colon Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women: A Prospective Study and Meta-Analysis.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2021Pooled it
- Cholecystectomy can increase the risk of colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis of 10 cohort studies.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Coffee consumption and plasma biomarkers of metabolic and inflammatory pathways in US health professionals.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Uncovering hypothesis-generating associations between prescription drugs and digestive cancer risk: a case-control drug-wide association study (DWAS).Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- Effect Modification by Levels of Sex Hormones in the Association between Adiposity and Cancer Incidence in the UK Biobank.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Sex-specific association of novel complex inflammatory markers with colorectal polyps: mediating effects of triglyceride-glucose and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- CK2α Overexpression in Colorectal Cancer: Evidence for Sex- and Age-Linked Differences.Cancers · 2025Article
- Colonic Aging and Colorectal Cancer: An Unignorable Interplay and Its Translational Implications.Biology · 2025Review
- Gender and sex differences in colorectal cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Sex Hormones and Iron-Related Biomarkers Associate with EMT Features and Tumor Stage in Colorectal Cancer: A Serum- and Tissue-Based Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Global burden of colon and rectal cancer and attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Drinking pattern and time lag of alcohol consumption with colorectal cancer risk in US men and women.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Review
- Sex differences in survival outcomes of early-onset colorectal cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- 17β-estradiol in colorectal cancer: friend or foe?Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- An Updated Review of Resistin and Colorectal Cancer.Cureus · 2024Review
- Sexual dimorphism in colorectal cancer: molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies.Biology of sex differences · 2024Review
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsThere is observational and clinical evidence that indicates that sex hormones affect development of colorectal cancer in men and women. However, the relationship between endogenous sex hormone levels and colorectal cancer is unclear.
methodsWe collected data on lifestyle, medical history, and diet (through 2008), along with blood samples, from the Nurses' Health Study, the Women's Health Study, the Health Professional Follow-up Study, and the Physicians' Health Study II. We measured plasma levels of estrone, estradiol, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and C-peptide among 730 women (293 cases of colorectal cancer and 437 healthy individuals as controls) and 1158 men (439 colorectal cancer cases and 719 controls) and used unconditional logistic regression to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals. All statistical tests were 2-sided.
resultsTotal testosterone, SHBG, and the ratio of estradiol to testosterone were associated with colorectal cancer in men after adjustments for matching and risk factors for colorectal cancer, including body mass index and plasma levels of C-peptide. The RRs in the highest relative to the lowest quartile were 0.62 for testosterone (95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.96), 0.65 for SHBG (95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.99), and 2.63 for the ratio (95% confidence interval, 1.58-4.36) (P values for trend ≤ .02). However, in women, only the ratio of estradiol to testosterone was (inversely) associated with colorectal cancer after adjustments for all factors (RR, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-0.84; P value for trend = .03).
conclusionsOn the basis of combined data from 4 population studies, there appears to be an association between levels of sex hormones and colorectal cancer risk in men. There also appears to be an inverse association between the ratio of estradiol to testosterone and colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.