ArticleVaccine2013
Disparate adjuvant properties among three formulations of "alum".
Article in Vaccine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A reactogenic "placebo" and the ethics of informed consent in Gardasil HPV vaccine clinical trials: A case study from Denmark.The International journal of risk & safety in medicine · 2024Article
- A Food Matrix Triggers a Similar Allergic Immune Response in BALB/c Mice Sensitized with Native, Denatured, and Digested Ovalbumin.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Comprehensive immunoprofiling and systematic adjuvant comparisons for identifying suitable vaccine: Adjuvant pairings.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Aluminum Adjuvants-'Back to the Future'.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Challenges and Strategies for Developing Recombinant Vaccines against Leptospirosis: Role of Expression Platforms and Adjuvants in Achieving Protective Efficacy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Progress towards Adjuvant Development: Focus on Antiviral Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Development and immunogenicity evaluation of porcine deltacoronavirus inactivated vaccine with different adjuvants in mice.Vaccine · 2022Article
- Aluminium Nanoparticles as Efficient Adjuvants Compared to Their Microparticle Counterparts: Current Progress and Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Adjuvants: Engineering Protective Immune Responses in Human and Veterinary Vaccines.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Review
- Supramolecular co-assembly of self-adjuvanting nanofibrious peptide hydrogel enhances cancer vaccination by activating MyD88-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway without inflammation.Bioactive materials · 2021Article
- Immune Polarization Potential of theFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
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- Immunization against Anaplasma phagocytophilum Adhesin Binding Domains Confers Protection against Infection in the Mouse Model.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Aluminum adjuvants, commonly referred to as "alum," are the most widespread immunostimulants in human vaccines. Although the mechanisms that promote humoral responses to alum-adsorbed antigens are still enigmatic, alum is thought to form antigen depots and induce inflammatory signals that, in turn, promote antibody production. It was recently noted that Imject(®) alum, a commercial aluminum-containing adjuvant commonly used in animal studies, is not the physicochemical equivalent of aluminum adjuvant present in human vaccines. This difference raises concerns about the use of Imject(®) alum in animal research as a model for approved aluminum adjuvants. Here, we compared the capacity of Imject(®) alum, Alhydrogel(®), and a traditional alum-antigen precipitate to induce humoral responses in mice to the hapten-carrier antigen, NP-CGG [(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl-chicken γ-globulin]. The magnitude of humoral responses elicited by Alhydrogel(®) and precipitated alum was significantly greater than that induced by Imject(®) alum. The strength of the humoral responses elicited by different alum formulations was correlated with the quantity of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced and the numbers of inflammatory cells at the site of immunization. Moreover, Imject(®) exhibited a severely reduced capacity to adsorb protein antigens compared to Alhydrogel(®) and precipitated alum. These findings reveal substantial differences in the immunostimulatory properties of distinct alum preparations, an important point of consideration for the evaluation of novel adjuvants, the assessment of new alum-based vaccines, and in mechanistic studies of adjuvanticity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.