Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2013
Atomoxetine does not alter cocaine use in cocaine dependent individuals: double blind randomized trial.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of cocaine use disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of Treatments for Cocaine Use Disorder Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2021Pooled it
- Pharmacotherapy for Cocaine Use Disorder-a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Quality-of-life improvements associated with reductions in cocaine-positive urine drug screens.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2026Trial
- A single-blind, randomized, controlled contingency management trial on physiological indices and biomarkers of cardiovascular health in people with cocaine use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Trial
- Influence of cocaine use reduction on markers of immune function.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2024Trial
- Atomoxetine for amphetamine-type stimulant dependence during buprenorphine treatment: A randomized controlled trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Trial
- Atomoxetine in abstinent cocaine users: Cognitive, subjective and cardiovascular effects.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2017Trial
- Prescription psychostimulants or atomoxetine and the risk of stimulant-related hospital admissions in adults with and without stimulant use disorder: a Swedish population-based within-individual observational study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Genotype-by-diagnosis interaction influences self-control in human cocaine addiction.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Pharmacological Treatments for Cocaine Craving: What Is the Way Forward? A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- A Retrospective Comparative Study in Patients With Cocaine Use Disorder Comorbid With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Undergoing an rTMS Protocol Treatment.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Cognitive impairment in substance use disorders.CNS spectrums · 2019Article
- Cocaine-like discriminative stimulus effects of "norepinephrine-preferring" monoamine releasers: time course and interaction studies in rhesus monkeys.Psychopharmacology · 2017Article
- Medications for substance use disorders (SUD): emerging approaches.Expert opinion on emerging drugs · 2017Review
- Atomoxetine effects on attentional bias to drug-related cues in cocaine dependent individuals.Psychopharmacology · 2017Article
- Sex differences in the reduction of impulsive choice (delay discounting) for cocaine in rats with atomoxetine and progesterone.Psychopharmacology · 2016Article
- Sex differences in reinstatement of cocaine-seeking with combination treatments of progesterone and atomoxetine.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2016Article
- Fronto-striatal circuits in response-inhibition: Relevance to addiction.Brain research · 2015Review
- Effects of the combination of wheel running and atomoxetine on cue- and cocaine-primed reinstatement in rats selected for high or low impulsivity.Psychopharmacology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCocaine abuse continues to be a significant public health problem associated with morbidity and mortality. To date, no pharmacotherapeutic approach has proven effective for treating cocaine use disorders. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that noradrenergic activity may play a role in mediating some effects of cocaine and may be a rational target for treatment.
methodsThis double blind, placebo-controlled randomized, parallel group, 12-week outpatient clinical trial enrolled cocaine dependent individuals seeking treatment to examine the potential efficacy of the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, atomoxetine (80 mg/day; p.o.; n = 25), compared to placebo (n = 25). Subjects were initially stratified on cocaine use (< 15 days or ≥ 15 days of the last 30), age and race using urn randomization. Attendance, medication adherence and study compliance were reinforced with contingency management, and weekly counseling was offered. An array of measures (vital signs, laboratory chemistries, cognitive and psychomotor tests, cocaine craving and urine samples for drug testing) was collected throughout the study and at follow-up.
resultsSurvival analysis revealed no differences in study retention between the two groups, with approximately 56% of subjects completing the 12-week study (Cox analysis χ(2) = .72; p = .40; Hazard Ratio 1.48 [95% CI 0.62-3.39]). GEE analysis of the proportion of urine samples positive for benzoylecgonine, a cocaine metabolite, revealed no differences between the atomoxetine and placebo groups (χ(2) = 0.2, p = .66; OR = 0.89 [95% CI 0.41-1.74]). Atomoxetine was generally well tolerated in this population.
conclusionsThese data provide no support for the utility of atomoxetine in the treatment of cocaine dependence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.