ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2013
Midlife stroke risk and cognitive decline: a 10-year follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort study.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05284162 (Effects of a Theory-guided Health Coaching Programme on Health Promoting Behaviours in Middle-Aged Adults With Cardiometabolic Risk), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of a Theory-guided Health Coaching Programme on Health Promoting Behaviours in Middle-Aged Adults With Cardiometabolic Risk: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- The influence of circulating cholesterol and its components in middle-aged adults on cognitive function at mid- and later-life; a systematic review.Frontiers in aging · 2025Pooled it
- Multi-domain prognostic models used in middle-aged adults without known cognitive impairment for predicting subsequent dementia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Left ventricular hypertrophy and cognitive function: a systematic review.Journal of human hypertension · 2018Pooled it
- Left ventricular hypertrophy in association with cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2017Pooled it
- Cardiovascular disease risk models and longitudinal changes in cognition: a systematic review.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Left ventricular hypertrophy and incident cognitive decline in older adults with hypertension.Journal of human hypertension · 2023Trial
- Progression of cognitive and functional decline before and after stroke: evidence from four prospective cohort studies across 23 countries.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Associations of aortic and carotid artery health with cerebrovascular markers and cognition in older adults from the Whitehall II imaging study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Cross-Sectional Association Between Left Ventricular Geometric Patterns, Cortical Cerebral Microinfarcts, and Cognition.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- The Relationship between Framingham Stroke Risk Profile on Incident Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: A 40-Year Follow-Up Study Highlighting Female Vulnerability.Annals of neurology · 2024Article
- Impact of hypertension prevalence trend on mortality and burdens of dementia and disability in England and Wales to 2060: a simulation modelling study.The lancet. Healthy longevity · 2023Article
- Left ventricular hypertrophy, carotid atherosclerosis, and cognitive impairment in peritoneal dialysis patients.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
- Article
- Revised Framingham Stroke Risk Profile: Association with Cognitive Status and MRI-Derived Volumetric Measures.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2020Article
- Association of midlife stroke risk with structural brain integrity and memory performance at older ages: a longitudinal cohort study.Brain communications · 2020Article
- Associations Between Midlife (but Not Late-Life) Elevated Coronary Heart Disease Risk and Lower Cognitive Performance: Results From the Framingham Offspring Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Factors influencing cognitive function in patients with atrial fibrillation: a cross-sectional clinical study.The Journal of international medical research · 2019Article
- Association of Midlife Cardiovascular Risk Profiles With Cerebral Perfusion at Older Ages.JAMA network open · 2019Observational
- Framingham Stroke Risk Profile is related to cerebral small vessel disease progression and lower cognitive performance in patients with hypertension.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2018Article
- Searching cerebrovascular risk indicators for hypertensive patients: Is Framingham Stroke Risk Profile "the magic bullet"?Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStroke is associated with an increased risk of dementia. However, it is unclear whether risk of stroke in those free of stroke, particularly in nonelderly populations, leads to differential rates of cognitive decline. Our aim was to assess whether risk of stroke in mid life is associated with cognitive decline over 10 years of follow-up.
methodsWe studied 4153 men and 1657 women (mean age, 55.6 years at baseline) from the Whitehall II study, a longitudinal British cohort study. We used the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP), which incorporates age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, smoking, prior cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy, and use of antihypertensive medication. Cognitive tests included reasoning, memory, verbal fluency, and vocabulary assessed three times over 10 years. Longitudinal associations between FSRP and its components were tested using mixed-effects models, and rates of cognitive change over 10 years were estimated.
resultsHigher stroke risk was associated with faster decline in verbal fluency, vocabulary, and global cognition. For example, for global cognition there was a greater decline in the highest FSRP quartile (-0.25 of a standard deviation; 95% confidence interval: -0.28 to -0.21) compared with the lowest risk quartile (P = .03). No association was observed for memory and reasoning. Of the individual components of FSRP, only diabetes mellitus was associated independently with faster cognitive decline (β = -0.06; 95% confidence interval, -0.01 to 0.003; P = .03).
conclusionElevated stroke risk at midlife is associated with accelerated cognitive decline over 10 years. Aggregation of risk factors may be especially important in this association.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.