ArticleTropical medicine & international health : TM & IH2013
Tuberculosis and the risk of opportunistic infections and cancers in HIV-infected patients starting ART in Southern Africa.
Article in Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- HIV-positive-to-HIV-positive kidney transplantation--results at 3 to 5 years.The New England journal of medicine · 2015Trial
- Prevalence of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Rural Communities of Vhembe District, South Africa.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Article
- Novel Hydroxamic Acids Containing Aryl-Substituted 1,2,4- or 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Backbones and an Investigation of Their Antibiotic Potentiation Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Prior Pulmonary Tuberculosis Is a Risk Factor for Asymptomatic Cryptococcal Antigenemia in a Cohort of Adults With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Hepatocytic transcriptional signatures predict comparative drug interaction potential of rifamycin antibiotics.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Changing Spectrum of Opportunistic Illnesses among HIV-Infected Taiwanese Patients in Response to a 10-Year National Anti-TB Programme.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
- HIV viral load as an independent risk factor for tuberculosis in South Africa: collaborative analysis of cohort studies.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2017Article
- Spectrum of Opportunistic Infections and Risk Factors for In-Hospital Mortality of Admitted AIDS Patients in Shanghai.Medicine · 2016Observational
- Cryptococcal Antigen Screening in Patients Initiating ART in South Africa: A Prospective Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Article
- The Effect of Switching to Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy on the Risk of Opportunistic Infections Among Patients Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Northern Tanzania.Open forum infectious diseases · 2016Article
- HIV-positive-to-HIV-positive kidney transplantation.The New England journal of medicine · 2015Article
- AIDS incidence and AIDS-related mortality in British Columbia, Canada, between 1981 and 2013: a retrospective study.The lancet. HIV · 2015Article
- Transplantation in resource-limited setting: using HIV-positive donors for HIV-positive patients.Clinical nephrology · 2015Review
- Incidence rate of Kaposi sarcoma in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Southern Africa: a prospective multicohort study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the incidence of selected opportunistic infections (OIs) and cancers and the role of a history of tuberculosis (TB) as a risk factor for developing these conditions in HIV-infected patients starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Southern Africa.
methodsFive ART programmes from Zimbabwe, Zambia and South Africa participated. Outcomes were extrapulmonary cryptococcal disease (CM), pneumonia due to Pneumocystis jirovecii (PCP), Kaposi's sarcoma and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A history of TB was defined as a TB diagnosis before or at the start of ART. We used Cox models adjusted for age, sex, CD4 cell count at ART start and treatment site, presenting results as adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
resultsWe analysed data from 175,212 patients enrolled between 2000 and 2010 and identified 702 patients with incident CM (including 205 with a TB history) and 487 with incident PCP (including 179 with a TB history). The incidence per 100 person-years over the first year of ART was 0.48 (95% CI 0.44-0.52) for CM, 0.35 (95% CI 0.32-0.38) for PCP, 0.31 (95% CI 0.29-0.35) for Kaposi's sarcoma and 0.02 (95% CI 0.01-0.03) for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A history of TB was associated with cryptococcal disease (aHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05-1.55) and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (aHR 1.61, 95% CI 1.27-2.04), but not with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (aHR 1.09, 95% CI 0.45-2.65) or Kaposi's sarcoma (aHR 1.02, 95% CI 0.81-1.27).
conclusionsOur study suggests that there may be interactions between different OIs in HIV-infected patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.