ArticleImmunology2013
Local expression of interleukin-2 by B16 melanoma cells results in decreased tumour growth and long-term tumour dormancy.
Article in Immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting the NKG2D axis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: from molecular insights to clinical applications.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- [Anemoside B4 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer metastasis by modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by the MAPK and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathways].Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2026Article
- Dormancy of cutaneous melanoma.Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- Review
- Development of an Interleukin-12 Fusion Protein That Is Activated by Cleavage with Matrix Metalloproteinase 9.Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2019Article
- Association of Interleukin-2-330T/G and Interleukin-10-1082A/G Genetic Polymorphisms with B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Cohort of Egyptians.Turkish journal of haematology : official journal of Turkish Society of Haematology · 2018Article
- Adenoviral Delivery of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-2 Enables Successful Adoptive Cell Therapy of Immunosuppressive Melanoma.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2016Article
- Melanoma dormancy in a mouse model is linked to GILZ/FOXO3A-dependent quiescence of disseminated stem-like cells.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- A novel modulation of structural and functional changes of mouse bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) by interleukin-2(IL-2).Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Article
- Type I interferons induced by radiation therapy mediate recruitment and effector function of CD8(+) T cells.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2014Article
- Challenges and developing solutions for increasing the benefits of IL-2 treatment in tumor therapy.Expert review of clinical immunology · 2014Review
- Radiation therapy combined withOncoimmunologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment is complex containing not only neoplastic cells but also a variety of host cells. The heterogeneous infiltrating immune cells include subsets of cells with opposing functions, whose activities are mediated either directly or through the cytokines they produce. Systemic delivery of cytokines such as interleukin-2 ( IL-2) has been used clinically to enhance anti-tumour responses, but these molecules are generally thought to have evolved to act locally in a paracrine fashion. In this study we examined the effect of local production of IL-2 on the growth and the immune response to B16 melanoma cells. We found that the local production of IL-2 enhances the number of interferon-γ-expressing CD8 T and natural killer cells in the tumour, as well as inducing expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 on tumour vessels. These responses were largely absent in interferon-γ knockout mice. The expression of IL-2 in the tumour microenvironment decreases tumour growth despite also enhancing Foxp3(+) CD4(+) regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. Higher levels of IL-2 in the tumour microenvironment eliminated the progressive growth of the B16 cells in vivo, and this inhibition was dependent on the presence of either T cells or, to a lesser extent, natural killer cells. Surprisingly however, the B16 tumours were not completely eliminated but instead were controlled for an extended period of time, suggesting that a form of tumour dormancy was established.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.