ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Insulator-like pairing elements regulate silencing and mutually exclusive expression in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- The exception that proves the rule: Virulence gene expression at the onset of Plasmodium falciparum blood stage infections.PLoS pathogens · 2023Trial
- Mechanistic insights into coordinated var transcriptional switching in malaria parasites.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- A nuclear redox sensor modulates gene activation andProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Emerging biology of noncoding RNAs in malaria parasites.PLoS pathogens · 2022Review
- Shared Mechanisms for Mutually Exclusive Expression and Antigenic Variation by Protozoan Parasites.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- An upstream open reading frame (uORF) signals for cellular localization of the virulence factor implicated in pregnancy associated malaria.Nucleic acids research · 2018Article
- Article
- Genome-wide identification of novel intergenic enhancer-like elements: implications in the regulation of transcription in Plasmodium falciparum.BMC genomics · 2017Article
- Malaria Epigenetics.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2017Review
- Recent advances in malaria genomics and epigenomics.Genome medicine · 2016Review
- Punctuated chromatin states regulate Plasmodium falciparum antigenic variation at the intron and 2 kb upstream regions.BMC genomics · 2016Article
- Epigenetic Regulation of Virulence Gene Expression in Parasitic Protozoa.Cell host & microbe · 2016Review
- Genomic variation in two gametocyte non-producing Plasmodium falciparum clonal lines.Malaria journal · 2016Article
- Article
- Deciphering the principles that govern mutually exclusive expression of Plasmodium falciparum clag3 genes.Nucleic acids research · 2015Article
- Sexual development in Plasmodium parasites: knowing when it's time to commit.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2015Review
- Antisense long noncoding RNAs regulate var gene activation in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
- A comprehensive epigenome map of Plasmodium falciparum reveals unique mechanisms of transcriptional regulation and identifies H3K36me2 as a global mark of gene suppression.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2015Article
- A transcriptional switch underlies commitment to sexual development in malaria parasites.Nature · 2014Article
- Recruitment of PfSET2 by RNA polymerase II to variant antigen encoding loci contributes to antigenic variation in P. falciparum.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum causes the deadliest form of human malaria. Its virulence is attributed to its ability to modify the infected RBC and to evade human immune attack through antigenic variation. Antigenic variation is achieved through tight regulation of antigenic switches between variable surface antigens named "P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein-1" encoded by the var multicopy gene family. Individual parasites express only a single var gene at a time, maintaining the remaining var genes in a transcriptionally silent state. Strict pairing between var gene promoters and a second promoter within an intron found in each var gene is required for silencing and counting of var genes by the mechanism that controls mutually exclusive expression. We have identified and characterized insulator-like DNA elements that are required for pairing var promoters and introns and thus are essential for regulating silencing and mutually exclusive expression. These elements, found in the regulatory regions of each var gene, are bound by distinct nuclear protein complexes. Any alteration in the specific, paired structure of these elements by either deletion or insertion of additional elements results in an unregulated var gene. We propose a model by which silencing and mutually exclusive expression of var genes is regulated by the precise arrangement of insulator-like DNA pairing elements.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.