Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23195595›Full record

ArticleExperimental neurology2013

Normobaric hyperoxia combined with minocycline provides greater neuroprotection than either alone in transient focal cerebral ischemia.

Xinchun Jin, Jie Liu, Ke J Liu, Gary A Rosenberg, Yi Yang, Wenlan Liu

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Experimental neurology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Normobaric Hyperoxia Therapy in Treating Stroke.Clinical interventions in aging · 2025
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  10. CRTC1 is a potential target to delay aging-induced cognitive deficit by protecting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier via inhibiting inflammation.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Xinchun JinCollege of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Jie Liu
Ke J Liu
Gary A Rosenberg
Yi Yang
Wenlan Liu
University of New Mexico · US

Funding

ROLE OF STEP, A STRIATAL ENRICHED TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE, IN NEURONAL CELL DEATHP20RR015636 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO · PI LIU, KE JIAN · 2001 to 2010
$21.2M
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors in StrokeR21NS066418 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO · PI ROSENBERG, GARY ALLEN · 2009 to 2010
$422k
NCRR NIH HHS P20 RR015636NCRR NIH HHS P20 RR15636NCRR NIH HHS P20 RR15636-09S1NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS066418
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Normobaric hyperoxia (NBO), which maintains penumbral oxygenation, reduces brain injury during cerebral ischemia, and minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, reduces reperfusion injury, including inflammation, apoptosis and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activation. Since they have different mechanisms of action, we hypothesized that combining them would provide greater neuroprotection. To test the hypothesis, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of the combination of NBO with minocycline. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to NBO (95% O(2)) or normoxia (21% O(2)) during 90-min filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, followed by 48 h of reperfusion. Minocycline (3 mg/kg) or vehicle was intravenously administered to rats 15 min after reperfusion onset. Treatment with NBO and minocycline alone resulted in 36% and 30% reductions in infarction volume, respectively. When the two treatments were combined, there was a 68% reduction in infarction volume. The combination therapy also significantly reduced hemispheric swelling, which was absent with monotherapy. In agreement with its greater neuro- and vasoprotection, the combination therapy showed greater inhibitory effects on MMP-2/9 induction, occludin degradation, caspase-3 and -9 activation and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) induction in ischemic brain tissue. Our results show that NBO plus minocycline effectively reduces brain injury in transient focal cerebral ischemia with protection due to inhibition on MMP-2/9-mediated occludin degradation and attenuation of caspase-dependent and independent apoptotic pathways.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsAtmospheric PressureBrain IschemiaDisease Models, AnimalHyperoxiaInfarction, Middle Cerebral ArteryMaleMinocyclineOxygen Inhalation TherapyRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyAnti-Bacterial AgentsMinocycline

Identifiers

PMID23195595
PMCPMC3563388
OpenAlexW2020890478

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.