ArticleClinical & developmental immunology2012
Reevaluating the concept of treating experimental tumors with a mixed bacterial vaccine: Coley's Toxin.
Article in Clinical & developmental immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of bacteria in cancers and their therapeutic potential: Review of current knowledge.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2025Review
- Demonstrating the immunostimulatory and cytokine-augmentation effects of bacterial ghosts on natural killer cells and Caenorhabditis Elegans.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2024Article
- Hacking the Immune Response to Solid Tumors: Harnessing the Anti-Cancer Capacities of Oncolytic Bacteria.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Distinctive profiles of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and association with intensity of infiltration in colorectal cancer.Oncology letters · 2018Article
- N-dihydrogalactochitosan as a potent immune activator for dendritic cells.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2017Article
- Dynamic interplay between adhesion surfaces in carcinomas: Cell-cell and cell-matrix crosstalk.World journal of biological chemistry · 2016Review
- Bacteria in Cancer Therapy: Renaissance of an Old Concept.International journal of microbiology · 2016Review
- Imaging innate immune responses at tumour initiation: new insights from fish and flies.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2015Review
- Trial Watch: Toll-like receptor agonists for cancer therapy.Oncoimmunology · 2013Review
- Combinations of TLR ligands: a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several decades after Coley's initial work, we here systematically analyzed tumoricidal as well as immunostimulatory effects of the historical preparation Coley's Toxin (CT), a safe vaccine made of heat-inactivated S. pyogenes and S. marcescens. First, by performing in vitro analysis, established human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines responded with dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition. Effects were attributed to necrotic as well as apoptotic cell death as determined by increased Caspase 3/7 levels, raised numbers of cells with sub-G1-DNA, and induced p21(waf) expression, indicative for cell cycle arrest. Besides, CT effectively stimulated human peripheral blood leukocytes (huPBL) from healthy volunteers. Quantitative gene expression analysis revealed upregulated mRNA levels of selected Toll-like receptors. Flow cytometric phenotyping of CT-stimulated huPBLs identified raised numbers of CD25(+)-activated leukocytes. In vivo, repetitive, local CT application was well tolerated by animals and induced considerable delay of Panc02 tumors. However, systemic treatment failed to affect tumor growth. Antitumoral effects following local therapy were primarily accompanied by stimulation of innate immune mechanisms. Data presented herein prove that the historical approach of using killed bacteria as active immunotherapeutic agents still holds promise, and further careful preclinical analyses may pave the way back into clinical applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.